The CT revolution: the role of PIOPED II in establishing CT pulmonary angiography as the reference standard for pulmonary embolism diagnosis.

https://bit.ly/3HEyVxy.

Combining b2500 diffusion-weighted imaging with BI-RADS improves the specificity of breast MRI.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of visual assessment of diffusion-weighted images (DWI) obtained with a b value of 2500 s/mm in addition to a conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol to characterize breast lesions.

Materials And Methods: This single-institution retrospective study included participants who underwent clinically indicated breast MRI and breast biopsy from May 2017 to February 2020. The examination included a conventional MRI protocol including DWI obtained with a b value of 50 s/mm (bDWI) and a b value of 800 s/mm (bDWI) and DWI obtained with a b value of 2500 s/mm (bDWI).

Strategies to safely rule out pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 outpatients: a multicenter retrospective study.

Objectives: The objective was to define a safe strategy to exclude pulmonary embolism (PE) in COVID-19 outpatients, without performing CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA).

Methods: COVID-19 outpatients from 15 university hospitals who underwent a CTPA were retrospectively evaluated. D-Dimers, variables of the revised Geneva and Wells scores, as well as laboratory findings and clinical characteristics related to COVID-19 pneumonia, were collected.

Artificial intelligence: A critical review of applications for lung nodule and lung cancer.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad concept that usually refers to computer programs that can learn from data and perform certain specific tasks. In the recent years, the growth of deep learning, a successful technique for computer vision tasks that does not require explicit programming, coupled with the availability of large imaging databases fostered the development of multiple applications in the medical imaging field, especially for lung nodules and lung cancer, mostly through convolutional neural networks (CNN). Some of the first applications of AI is this field were dedicated to automated detection of lung nodules on X-ray and computed tomography (CT) examinations, with performances now reaching or exceeding those of radiologists.

Artificial intelligence in lung cancer: current applications and perspectives.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been a very active research topic over the last years and thoracic imaging has particularly benefited from the development of AI and in particular deep learning. We have now entered a phase of adopting AI into clinical practice. The objective of this article was to review the current applications and perspectives of AI in thoracic oncology.

Interstitial lung diseases after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: New pattern of lung chronic graft-versus-host disease?

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after allogeneic HSCT is the only formally recognized manifestation of lung chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Other lung complications were reported, including interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Whether ILDs belong to the spectrum of lung cGVHD remains unknown.

Safety Profile of Ambulatory Prostatic Artery Embolization after a Significant Learning Curve: Update on Adverse Events.

Background: to report the safety of outpatient prostatic artery embolization (PAE) after a significant learning curve.

Methods: a retrospective bi-institutional study was conducted between June 2018 and April 2022 on 311 consecutive patients, with a mean age of 69 years ± 9.8 (47-102), treated by outpatient PAE.

Feasibility of Outpatient Transradial Prostatic Artery Embolization and Safety of a Shortened Deflation Protocol for Hemostasis.

Background: to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a shorter time to hemostasis applied to outpatient transradial (TR) Prostatic Artery Embolization (PAE).

Methods: a retrospective bi-institutional study was conducted between July 2018 and April 2022 on 300 patients treated by outpatient TR PAE. Indications included lower urinary tract symptoms, acute urinary retention, and hematuria.

Deep Learning for the Detection, Localization, and Characterization of Focal Liver Lesions on Abdominal US Images.

Purpose: To train and assess the performance of a deep learning-based network designed to detect, localize, and characterize focal liver lesions (FLLs) in the liver parenchyma on abdominal US images.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective, multicenter, institutional review board-approved study, two object detectors, Faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN) and Detection Transformer (DETR), were fine-tuned on a dataset of 1026 patients ( = 2551 B-mode abdominal US images obtained between 2014 and 2018). Performance of the networks was analyzed on a test set of 48 additional patients ( = 155 B-mode abdominal US images obtained in 2019) and compared with the performance of three caregivers (one nonexpert and two experts) blinded to the clinical history.

Vascular remodeling of the small pulmonary arteries and measures of vascular pruning on computed tomography.

Pulmonary hypertension is characterized histologically by intimal and medial thickening in the small pulmonary arteries, eventually resulting in vascular "pruning." Computed tomography (CT)-based quantification of pruning is associated with clinical measures of pulmonary hypertension, but it is not established whether CT-based pruning correlates with histologic arterial remodeling. Our sample consisted of 138 patients who underwent resection for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.

Long-term outcomes of adult pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a prospective cohort.

Background: The long-term outcomes of adult pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH), particularly survival, are largely unknown. Two earlier retrospective studies reported a high rate of mortality, which contrasts with our clinical experience.

Methods: To address this issue, all patients with newly diagnosed PLCH referred to the French national reference centre for histiocytoses between 2004 and 2018 were eligible for inclusion.

Nonpalpable breast lesions: impact of a second-opinion review at a breast unit on BI-RADS classification.

Objective: To compare BI-RADS classification, management, and outcome of nonpalpable breast lesions assessed both by community practices and by a multidisciplinary tumor board (MTB) at a breast unit.

Methods: All nonpalpable lesions that were first assigned a BI-RADS score by community practices and then reassessed by an MTB at a single breast unit from 2009 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Inter-review agreement was assessed with Cohen's kappa statistic.

Impact of New Systemic Treatment and Radiotherapy in Melanoma Patients with Leptomeningeal Metastases.

Importance: Few data are available on patients with leptomeningeal disease (LM) from melanoma treated with new systemic therapies.

Objective: To gain a better understanding of patients, disease characteristics, and therapeutic interventions in melanoma patients with LM in the era of new systemic treatment.

Design: Clinical characteristics, treatments, and survival of melanoma patients diagnosed with LM, isolated or associated with brain metastases, were collected.

Assessing invasiveness of subsolid lung adenocarcinomas with combined attenuation and geometric feature models.

The aim of this study was to develop and test multiclass predictive models for assessing the invasiveness of individual lung adenocarcinomas presenting as subsolid nodules on computed tomography (CT). 227 lung adenocarcinomas were included: 31 atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinomas in situ (class H1), 64 minimally invasive adenocarcinomas (class H2) and 132 invasive adenocarcinomas (class H3). Nodules were segmented, and geometric and CT attenuation features including functional principal component analysis features (FPC1 and FPC2) were extracted.

Efficacy of Chest CT for COVID-19 Pneumonia Diagnosis in France.

Background The role and performance of chest CT in the diagnosis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains under active investigation. Purpose To evaluate the French national experience using chest CT for COVID-19, results of chest CT and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were compared together and with the final discharge diagnosis used as the reference standard. Materials and Methods A structured CT scan survey (NCT04339686) was sent to 26 hospital radiology departments in France between March 2, 2020, and April 24, 2020.

The Growth Rate of Subsolid Lung Adenocarcinoma Nodules at Chest CT.

Background Confirming that subsolid adenocarcinomas show exponential growth is important because it would justify using volume doubling time to assess their growth. Purpose To test whether the growth of lung adenocarcinomas manifesting as subsolid nodules at chest CT is accurately represented by an exponential model. Materials and Methods Patients with lung adenocarcinomas manifesting as subsolid nodules surgically resected between January 2005 and May 2018, with three or more longitudinal CT examinations before resection, were retrospectively included.