Experimental Evolution of Magnetite Nanoparticle Resistance in .

Both ionic and nanoparticle iron have been proposed as materials to control multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. However, the potential bacteria to evolve resistance to nanoparticle bacteria remains unexplored. To this end, experimental evolution was utilized to produce five magnetite nanoparticle-resistant (FeNP) populations of .

Experimental evolution of gallium resistance in .

Background And Objectives: Metallic antimicrobial materials are of growing interest due to their potential to control pathogenic and multidrug-resistant bacteria. Yet we do not know if utilizing these materials can lead to genetic adaptations that produce even more dangerous bacterial varieties.

Methodology: Here we utilize experimental evolution to produce strains of K-12 MG1655 resistant to, the iron analog, gallium nitrate (Ga(NO)).