Disclosure Patterns of Opioid Use Disorders in Perinatal Care During the Opioid Epidemic on X From 2019 to 2021: Thematic Analysis.

Background: In 2021, the United States experienced a 14% rise in fatal drug overdoses totaling 106,699 deaths, driven by harmful opioid use, particularly among individuals in the perinatal period who face increased risks associated with opioid use disorders (OUDs). Increased concerns about the impacts of escalating harmful opioid use among pregnant and postpartum persons are rising. Most of the current limited perinatal OUD studies were conducted using traditional methods, such as interviews and randomized controlled trials to understand OUD treatment, risk factors, and associated adverse effects.

'I Don't Know How to Live Real Life Sober'-Identifying Needed Supports Through the Voices of Pregnant and Parenting People Seeking Recovery.

Pregnant and parenting people (PPP) experience complex challenges when seeking recovery from substance use disorders (SUD). Using a community-based participatory research approach, researchers partnered with PPP seeking recovery from SUD to explore supports needed in their communities. Findings are reported in adherence with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research.

Uncovering the Complexity of Perinatal Polysubstance Use Disclosure Patterns on X: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: According to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, polysubstance use among pregnant women is prevalent, with 38.2% of those who consume alcohol also engaging in the use of one or more additional substances. However, the underlying mechanisms, contexts, and experiences of polysubstance use are unclear.

Digital health interventions to support women with opioid use disorder: A scoping review.

Background: Digital health interventions have the potential to address barriers to care for women. To design effective digital health interventions that meet the needs of this population, a full assessment of the existing literature is required.

Methods: This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist.

The Psychiatrist's Role in Treating Perinatal Opioid Use Disorder and Reducing Maternal Mortality.

Drug overdose is a leading cause of maternal mortality. Psychiatrists can play a critical role in reducing these deaths by delivering effective evidence-based treatments for perinatal opioid use disorder (POUD), including the use of buprenorphine. Medications for POUD (i.

Listening to Black Pregnant and Postpartum People: Using Technology to Enhance Equity in Screening and Treatment of Perinatal Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders.

Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs), perinatal substance use disorders (PSUDs), and intimate partner violence (IPV) are leading causes of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States. Screening and referral for PMADs, PSUDs and IPV is recommended, however, racial disparities are prominent: Black pregnant and postpartum people (PPP) are less likely to be screened and attend treatment compared to White PPP. We conducted qualitative interviews to better understand the experience of Black PPP who used a text/phone-based screening and referral program for PMADs/PSUDs and IPV-Listening to Women and Pregnant and Postpartum People (LTWP).

Evaluating the WISE (Women in the South-East) Telehealth Network: A Model of Healthcare and Health Promotion at Rural Libraries.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the WISE (Women in the South-East) Telehealth Network.

Design: A follow-up survey design was used to determine the impact of the program on access to healthcare.

Setting: WISE provided preventive care to women and gender expansive people at local libraries and the Mobile Library in the rural South Carolina Lowcountry.

Text And Telephone Screening And Referral Improved Detection And Treatment Of Maternal Mental Health Conditions.

Effective screening and referral practices for perinatal mental health disorders, perinatal substance use disorders (SUDs), and intimate partner violence are greatly needed to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. We conducted a randomized controlled trial from January 2021 to April 2023 comparing outcomes between Listening to Women and Pregnant and Postpartum People (LTWP), a text- and telephone-based screening and referral program, and usual care in-person screening and referral within the perinatal care setting. Participants assigned to LTWP were three times more likely to be screened compared with those assigned to usual care.

Improving the Management of Maternal Mental Health with Digital Health Care.

Objectives: Digital health solutions have the potential to improve maternal mental health care. The objective of this study is to determine if utilization of a digital health platform, Maven, is associated with improved management of mental health among peripartum people with a history of mental health disorders and determine which components of utilization associate with maternal mental health outcomes.

Methods: Participants in this retrospective cohort analysis ( = 1561) accessed Maven as an employer-sponsored health benefit and enrolled during their pregnancy and delivered from January 2020 through September 2022.

What to Expect With Pregnant or Postpartum Prescribing of Extended-Release Buprenorphine (CAM2038).

Weekly and monthly CAM2038 (Brixadi) extended-release subcutaneous buprenorphine (XR bup) has been available in Europe and Australia for several years and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in May 2023. Little is known about the clinical experience of patients and providers using this new medication during prenatal care. Two cases of pregnant persons with opioid use disorder receiving weekly XR bup in an ongoing randomized multi-site outpatient clinical trial are presented along with a brief review of the pharmacology and literature on XR bup formulations.

Exploration Into Patterns of Cannabis Use Across Pregnancy and Postpartum.

Objectives: Peripartum cannabis use can be harmful to pregnant individual's and children's health, yet it is the most used illicit substance during the peripartum period. Despite the ability of some people to reduce and abstain from cannabis use during pregnancy, the first year postpartum is a high-risk time for returning to cannabis. However, characterization of cannabis use patterns in the peripartum period and risk factors for return to use postpartum are not well established.

Association Between Doula Use on a Digital Health Platform and Birth Outcomes.

Objective: To examine the association between the use of virtual doula appointments on a comprehensive digital health platform and users' mode of birth and their birth experiences, among all platform users and Black platform users.

Methods: Data for this retrospective cohort study were extracted from individuals who enrolled in a comprehensive digital health platform, between January 1, 2020, and April 22, 2023. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between number of virtual doula appointments completed on the digital health platform and odds of cesarean birth and user-reported birth experience outcomes, which included help deciding a birth preference, receiving a high level of support during pregnancy, learning medically accurate information about pregnancy complications and warning signs, and managing mental health during pregnancy, stratified by parity.

Association between nonbirthing parent's perinatal education and mental health support desires and perinatal anxiety among either parent.

Background: Although perinatal anxiety is common in birthing and nonbirthing parents, little is known about the mental health or educational needs of nonbirthing parents during the perinatal period and whether perinatal anxiety in the birthing parent is associated with nonbirthing parent educational preferences.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the desired digital perinatal educational preferences of nonbirthing parents and whether these preferences differed by (1) endorsement of high parenthood-related anxiety in the nonbirthing partner and (2) mental health of the birthing parent (including both identified mental health conditions and presence of pregnancy-related anxiety).

Study Design: In this cross-sectional study, nonbirthing and birthing parents using Maven, a digital perinatal health platform, selected the areas in which they wanted education or support from a list of options.

Implementation of a women's reproductive behavioral health telemedicine program: a qualitative study of barriers and facilitators in obstetric and pediatric clinics.

Background: Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders and Substance Use Disorders are common and result in significant morbidities and mortality. Despite evidence-based treatment availability, multiple barriers exist to care delivery. Because telemedicine offers opportunities to overcome these barriers, the objective of this study was to characterize barriers and facilitators to implementing a mental health and substance use disorder telemedicine program in community obstetric and pediatric clinics.

Leveraging Digital Technology to Support Pregnant and Early Parenting Women in Recovery from Addictive Substances: A Scoping Review.

Unlabelled: Little is known about digital health interventions used to support treatment for pregnant and early parenting women (PEPW) with substance use disorders (SUD).

Methods: Guided by the Arksey and O'Malley's Scoping Review Framework, empirical studies were identified within the CINAHL, PsycInfo, PubMed, and ProQuest databases using subject headings and free-text keywords. Studies were selected based on a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria, and data extraction and descriptive analysis were performed.

Differential prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) by gender and substance used in individuals with cannabis, cocaine, opioid, and tobacco use disorders.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) show a graded association with the development of substance use disorders (SUDs) and engagement in risky substance use behaviors. Women are overrepresented among individuals with more severe childhood adversity (≥4 types of ACEs) and may be at particular risk for aberrant substance use. To assess the prevalence of ACEs among men and women with cannabis, opioid, cocaine, and tobacco use disorders.

Listening to women and pregnant and postpartum people: Qualitative research to inform opioid use disorder treatment for pregnant and postpartum people.

Background: The diagnosis of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) during pregnancy has increased 2-to-5-fold over the past decade and barriers to treatment are significant. Technology-based solutions have the potential to overcome these barriers and deliver evidence-based treatment. However, these interventions need to be informed by end-users.

A Non-Randomized Trial of In-Person Versus Text/Telephone Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment for Pregnant and Postpartum Women.

Background: Systems of care that improve mental health and substance use disorder Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for pregnant and postpartum women are needed.

Aims: The aim of this study is to determine if women receiving prenatal care from January 2020 to April 2021 are more likely to be screened, screen positive, be referred for treatment and attend treatment with technology facilitated SBIRT, compared to women receiving prenatal care and in-person SBIRT January 2017 to December 2019.

Materials & Methods: Technology facilitated SBIRT, designated Listening to Women (LTW), includes text message-based screening, phone-based brief intervention, and referral to treatment by a remote care coordinator.

A Pilot Study Examining Access to and Satisfaction with Maternal Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Treatment via Telemedicine.

Mental health (MH) and substance use disorders (SUDs) are common during pregnancy and the postpartum year, and have a significant impact on maternal and child health. Most women do not receive treatment for these conditions due to barriers to care. Increasing access to these services via telemedicine is one potential solution to overcoming barriers, but it is unknown if this type of service is acceptable to women.

Sex and drug differences in stress, craving and cortisol response to the trier social stress task.

Rationale: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a critical hormonal system involved in stress response. A number of studies have investigated the HPA axis response of drug-dependent individuals to stressors. Stress-induced vulnerabilities in the HPA axis may differ in response to chronic use of different substances, possibly leading to different target therapies.

Associations of Maternal Prenatal Stress and Depressive Symptoms With Childhood Neurobehavioral Outcomes in the ECHO Cohort of the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies: Fetal Growth Velocity as a Potential Mediator.

Objective: Maternal prenatal stress and mood symptoms are associated with risk for child psychopathology. Within the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies (ECHO-FGS), a racially and ethnically diverse cohort, we studied associations between prenatal stress and depressive symptoms with child neurobehavior, and potential mediation by fetal growth velocity (FGV) in low-risk pregnancies.

Method: For 730 mother-child pairs, we had serial ultrasound measurements, self-reports of prenatal stress and depression, observations of child executive functions and motor skills from 4 to 8 years, and maternal reports of child psychiatric problems.

Sleep, Anxiety, and Vitamin D Status and Risk for Peripartum Depression.

Peripartum depression is common and carries significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to identify modifiable psychological and biological factors that increase the risk for peripartum depression. In a prospective cohort study, pregnant women (n = 105) completed self-report assessments of mood (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-EPDS), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-GAD), and sleep disturbances (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-PSQI) and provided a blood sample at 8-to-12 and 24-to-28 weeks of gestation and 6-to-8 and 10-to-12 weeks postpartum.

Opioid Use Disorder in Women and the Implications for Treatment.

Objective: The opioid epidemic continues to evolve and impact all groups of people. Moreover, there are concerning trends among women. The aim of this article is to provide a review of opioid use disorder in women and the implications for treatment.