Brief report: effects of methylphenidate on the light adapted electroretinogram.

Purpose: To explore changes in the electroretinogram (ERG) following methylphenidate use in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Light adapted ERGs were recorded in five individuals (3 male and 2 female, age range 13.6-21.

Electroretinogram Analysis Using a Short-Time Fourier Transform and Machine Learning Techniques.

Electroretinography (ERG) is a non-invasive method of assessing retinal function by recording the retina's response to a brief flash of light. This study focused on optimizing the ERG waveform signal classification by utilizing Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) spectrogram preprocessing with a machine learning (ML) decision system. Several window functions of different sizes and window overlaps were compared to enhance feature extraction concerning specific ML algorithms.

Generating Synthetic Light-Adapted Electroretinogram Waveforms Using Artificial Intelligence to Improve Classification of Retinal Conditions in Under-Represented Populations.

Visual electrophysiology is often used clinically to determine the functional changes associated with retinal or neurological conditions. The full-field flash electroretinogram (ERG) assesses the global contribution of the outer and inner retinal layers initiated by the rods and cone pathways depending on the state of retinal adaptation. Within clinical centers, reference normative data are used to compare clinical cases that may be rare or underpowered within a specific demographic.

The impact of using reverse polarity text for children with vision impairment assessed using light-adapted flicker electroretinogram.

Clinical Relevance: Children with vision impairment can have difficulty accessing classroom reading material and knowledge of which students are likely to have improved performance reading performance with reverse polarity would be of value to educators.

Background: Printed material is typically presented as black text on a white background; however, reversing the polarity to white text on a black background may improve the reading speed for children with vision impairment. This study sought to identify the visual function or pathological features of children with vision impairment where reversing the polarity of text would improve their reading performance.

Exploring the utility of retinal optical coherence tomography as a biomarker for idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a systematic review.

This study aimed to examine the existing literature that investigated the effectiveness of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) as a biomarker for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Our search was conducted on January 17th, 2024, and included the databases, Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) registry, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). Our final review included 84 articles.

Comparative efficacy of stannous fluoride and zinc sulfate solution to copper sulfate footbath solutions for the treatment and prevention of digital dermatitis in lactating dairy cows.

The objective of this study was to determine whether a novel footbath solution containing stannous fluoride (SnF) was superior to 5% copper sulfate solution for the treatment and prevention of digital dermatitis (DD) in dairy cattle. Study 1 was conducted over 4 wk in Missouri and involved 34 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows with hind feet DD lesions. Cows in group SF walked through a footbath containing a proprietary formulation of SnF once weekly, whereas cows in group CS walked through a 5% CuSO footbath once daily for 5 d each week.

OCTDL: Optical Coherence Tomography Dataset for Image-Based Deep Learning Methods.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique with extensive clinical applications in ophthalmology. OCT enables the visualization of the retinal layers, playing a vital role in the early detection and monitoring of retinal diseases. OCT uses the principle of light wave interference to create detailed images of the retinal microstructures, making it a valuable tool for diagnosing ocular conditions.

Detecting Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using Multimodal Time-Frequency Analysis with Machine Learning Using the Electroretinogram from Two Flash Strengths.

Purpose: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are conditions that similarly alter cognitive functioning ability and challenge the social interaction, attention, and communication skills of affected individuals. Yet these are distinct neurological conditions that can exhibit diverse characteristics which require different management strategies. It is desirable to develop tools to assist with early distinction so that appropriate early interventions and support may be tailored to an individual's specific requirements.

Suspected case of benign familial fleck retina with functional loss.

Key Clinical Message: Inherited retinal dystrophies typically affect vision in early childhood; however, this case highlights a late onset retinal dystrophy presenting in midlife and the need for extended visual electrophysiology testing to determine the etiology.

Abstract: A 53-year-old female was referred for visual electrophysiology following a routine optometric eye examination in which yellow flecks were noted in both fundi and the patient had reported a recent near accident whilst driving at night. There was no reported family history of eye disease.

Predictors of blood ionized calcium concentration in sick adult cattle.

Background: Data on the factors affecting blood ionized calcium concentration (ciCa ) and diagnostic performance of serum total calcium concentration (ctCa) measurements to detect abnormal blood iCa status are lacking in sick adult cattle.

Objective: Assess the association of ciCa with venous blood pH, plasma concentrations of chloride (cCl), sodium (cNa), and potassium (cK), and ctCa, and total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations in sick adult cattle.

Animals: Two-hundred and sixty-five adult cattle (≥1-year-old) with different diseases.

Visual acuity and reading print size requirements in children with vision impairment.

Clinical Relevance: The support of students with a vision impairment throughout education could be enhanced by assessing the functional reading ability of the individual. This visual assessment could inform educators of individualised student needs and potentially improve the academic achievement for these students.

Background: Support for children with a vision impairment within a classroom is typically based on clinical findings of distance visual acuity and visual fields.

A systematic review of the impact of childhood vision impairment on reading and literacy in education.

Purpose: This systematic review evaluates current literature on the impact vision impairment has on reading and literacy levels within education.

Methods: Six databases were searched with inclusion criteria of trials or studies involving children who are blind or vision impaired, and impact on academic or school performance - including reading and literacy. 1262 articles were identified, with 61 papers undergoing full screening.

Group comparisons of the individual electroretinogram time trajectories for the ascending limb of the b-wave using a raw and registered time series.

Objectives: The electroretinogram is a clinical test commonly used in the diagnosis of retinal disorders with the peak time and amplitude of the a- and b-waves used as the main indicators of retinal function. However, subtle changes that affect the shape of the electroretinogram waveform may occur in the early stages of disease or in conditions that have a neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative origin. In such cases, we introduce a statistical approach to mathematically model the shape of the electroretinogram waveform that may aid clinicians and researchers using the electroretinogram or other biological signal recordings to identify morphological features in the waveforms that may not be captured by the time or time-frequency domains of the waveforms.

Retinal electrophysiology in central nervous system disorders. A review of human and mouse studies.

The retina and brain share similar neurochemistry and neurodevelopmental origins, with the retina, often viewed as a "window to the brain." With retinal measures of structure and function becoming easier to obtain in clinical populations there is a growing interest in using retinal findings as potential biomarkers for disorders affecting the central nervous system. Functional retinal biomarkers, such as the electroretinogram, show promise in neurological disorders, despite having limitations imposed by the existence of overlapping genetic markers, clinical traits or the effects of medications that may reduce their specificity in some conditions.

OculusGraphy: Signal Analysis of the Electroretinogram in a Rabbit Model of Endophthalmitis Using Discrete and Continuous Wavelet Transforms.

Background: The electroretinogram is a clinical test used to assess the function of the photoreceptors and retinal circuits of various cells in the eye, with the recorded waveform being the result of the summated response of neural generators across the retina.

Methods: The present investigation involved an analysis of the electroretinogram waveform in both the time and time-frequency domains through the utilization of the discrete wavelet transform and continuous wavelet transform techniques. The primary aim of this study was to monitor and evaluate the effects of treatment in a New Zealand rabbit model of endophthalmitis via electroretinogram waveform analysis and to compare these with normal human electroretinograms.

Visual search and childhood vision impairment: A GAMLSS-oriented multiverse analysis approach.

The aim of this report was to analyze reaction times and accuracy in children with a vision impairment performing a feature-based visual search task using a multiverse statistical approach. The search task consisted of set sizes 4, 16, and 24, consisting of distractors (circle) and a target (ellipse) that were presented randomly to school-aged individuals with or without a vision impairment. Interactions and main effects of key variables relating to reaction times and accuracy were analyzed via a novel statistical method blending GAMLSS (generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape) and distributional regression trees.

Effect of heating bovine colostrum at 60°C for 90' on colostrum quality and, the health and growth characteristics of Holstein dairy calves.

Aims: The major objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of heat-treating colostrum on the subsequent growth characteristics (weight gain, body size, dry matter intake and feed efficiency rate) and health of Holstein calves.

Methods: A total of 1200 neonatal Holstein calves on one commercial dairy farm were enrolled. The calves were divided into heat-treated (60°C for 90 min) and unheated (raw) colostrum groups.

Acid-base imbalances and the association of blood-gas variables, electrolytes, and biochemical analytes with outcome in hospitalized calves undergoing abdominal surgery.

Background: Surgical abdominal emergencies in calves are associated with a guarded prognosis and have the potential for complex metabolic derangements including acid-base imbalances.

Objectives: To perform a comprehensive analysis of acid-base status and to assess the prognostic relevance of preoperative clinicopathologic variables in calves undergoing abdominal surgery.

Animals: Hospital-based study samples of 535 (dataset 1; DS1) and 83 calves (dataset 2; DS2).

A review of patient-reported outcome measures used in uveitis.

We review patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) in uveitis and provide a quality assessment of the psychometric properties of the PROMs, making it easier to choose the best questionnaire for uveitis. Our review included 158 articles. A total of 98 PROMs were used to measure QoL in uveitis and the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (NEI VFQ -25) was the most frequently used PROM in these studies.

Detecting Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Spectral Analysis of Electroretinogram and Machine Learning: Preliminary results.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that impacts language, communication and social interactions. The current diagnostic process for ASD is based upon a detailed multidisciplinary assessment. Currently no clinical biomarker exists to help in the diagnosis and monitoring of this condition that has a prevalence of approximately 1%.