Preoperative prediction of temporal lobe epilepsy surgery outcome.

Purpose: There is controversy about relative contributions of ictal scalp video EEG recording (vEEG), routine scalp outpatient interictal EEG (rEEG), intracranial EEG (iEEG) and MRI for predicting seizure-free outcomes after temporal lobectomy. We reviewed NIH experience to determine contributions at specific time points as well as long-term predictive value of standard pre-surgical investigations.

Methods: Raw data was obtained via retrospective chart review of 151 patients.

Long-Term Follow-up to a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Peroneal Nerve Functional Electrical Stimulation to an Ankle Foot Orthosis for Patients With Chronic Stroke.

Background: Evidence supports peroneal nerve functional electrical stimulation (FES) as an effective alternative to ankle foot orthoses (AFO) for treatment of foot drop poststroke, but few long-term, randomized controlled comparisons exist.

Objective: Compare changes in gait quality and function between FES and AFOs in individuals with foot drop poststroke over a 12-month period.

Methods: Follow-up analysis of an unblinded randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.

The effects of peroneal nerve functional electrical stimulation versus ankle-foot orthosis in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Evidence supports peroneal nerve functional electrical stimulation (FES) as an effective alternative to ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) for treatment of foot drop poststroke, but few randomized controlled comparisons exist.

Objective: To compare changes in gait and quality of life (QoL) between FES and an AFO in individuals with foot drop poststroke.

Methods: In a multicenter randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.

Effect of a foot-drop stimulator and ankle-foot orthosis on walking performance after stroke: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of functional electrical stimulation in the management of foot drop after stroke.

Objective: To compare changes in walking performance with the WalkAide (WA) foot-drop stimulator and a conventional ankle-foot orthosis (AFO).

Methods: Individuals with stroke within the previous 12 months and residual foot drop were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized controlled, crossover trial.

Contributions to singing ability by the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus of the non-language-dominant hemisphere: first evidence from subdural cortical stimulation, Wada testing, and fMRI.

Introduction: Although the substrates that mediate singing abilities in the human brain are not well understood, invasive brain mapping techniques used for clinical decision making such as intracranial electro-cortical testing and Wada testing offer a rare opportunity to examine music-related function in a select group of subjects, affording exceptional spatial and temporal specificity.

Methods: We studied eight patients with medically refractory epilepsy undergoing indwelling subdural electrode seizure focus localization. All patients underwent Wada testing for language lateralization.

A model for intracortical visual prosthesis research.

In the field of visual prosthesis research, it has generally been held that animal models are limited to testing the safety of implantable hardware due to the inability of the animal to provide a linguistic report of perceptions. In contrast, vision scientists make extensive use of trained animal models to investigate the links between visual stimuli, neural activities, and perception. We describe an animal model for cortical visual prosthesis research in which novel animal psychophysical testing has been employed to compensate for the lack of a linguistic report.

Intraoperative infrared functional imaging of human brain.

We hypothesized that it would be possible to detect the distribution of cortical activation by using a sensitive, rapid, high-resolution infrared imaging technique to monitor changes in local cerebral blood flow induced by changes in focal cortical metabolism. In a prospective study, we recorded in 21 patients the emission of infrared radiation from the exposed human cerebral cortex at baseline, during language and motor tasks, and during stimulation of the contralateral median nerve using an infrared camera (sensitivity 0.02 degrees C).