Predictors of intention to provide abortions after OB/GYN residency training.

Introduction: Abortion is a common gynecological procedure and plays a central role in women's health and autonomy. To maintain accessibility to abortion, it is important that sufficient obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residents intend to provide abortion care after residency. This study identifies factors that influence a resident's intention to provide abortions (IPA) post-training.

Effects of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) on fetal brain and cranial measurements.

Background: The use and misuse of opioids, as well as opioid use disorder (OUD) have increased remarkably among reproductive-aged and pregnant women. As many as 25% of pregnant women who report non-medical opioid use in the past month also report concurrent alcohol use. While teratogenic effects of alcohol are well established, there are limited studies evaluating fetal intracranial effects associated with medications for OUD (MOUD) and concurrent use of MOUD and alcohol during pregnancy.

Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 protein is present in maternal blood in the third trimester and is upregulated by antenatal corticosteroids.

Objectives: Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) is involved in the production of fetal lung surfactant. We have shown that LPCAT1 mRNA is present in amniotic fluid and maternal plasma and that its quantity correlates with the amniotic fluid lamellar body count. The purpose of the present study was to assay maternal plasma for the LPCAT1 protein in term and preterm pregnancies; and to measure the impact of antenatal corticosteroids.

Trends and Evolution in Women's Health Workforce in the First Quarter of the 21 Century.

Medicine in general, and particularly women's health, is rapidly evolving. This brief communication exposes some of the changes in Obstetrics and Gynecology but are relevant to all areas of medicine. As medical knowledge grows exponentially, there may be a greater sub-specialization of physicians, residency education must adapt, physician burnout remains an issue and clinician-scientists are becoming a dying breed.

Intraperitoneal Triamcinolone Reduces Postoperative Adhesions, Possibly through Alteration of Mitochondrial Function.

Adhesions frequently occur postoperatively, causing morbidity. In this noninterventional observational cohort study, we enrolled patients who presented for repeat abdominal surgery, after a history of previous abdominal myomectomy, from March 1998 to June 20210 at St. Vincent's Catholic Medical Centers.

Potential Impact of Pass/Fail Scores on USMLE Step 1: Predictors of Excellence in Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Training.

Aim: The study aims to determine resident applicant metrics most predictive of academic and clinical performance as measured by the Council of Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology (CREOG) examination scores and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) clinical performance (Milestones) in the aftermath of United States Medical Licensing Examination Scores (USMLE) Step 1 becoming a pass/fail examination.

Methods: In this retrospective study, electronic and paper documents for Wayne State University Obstetrics and Gynecology residents matriculated over a 5-year period ending July 2018 were collected. USMLE scores, clerkship grade, and wording on the letters of recommendation as well as Medical Student Performance Evaluation (MSPE) were extracted from the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) and scored numerically.

Can ACGME Milestones predict surgical specialty board passage: an example in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Background: Multiple tools including Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) standardized milestones can be utilized to assess trainee and residency program performance. However, little is known regarding the objective validation of these tools in predicting written board passage.

Methods: In this retrospective study, data was gathered on n = 45 Wayne State University Obstetrics and Gynecology program graduates over the five-year period ending July 2018.

The Hadlock Method Is Superior to Newer Methods for the Prediction of the Birth Weight Percentile.

Objectives: To compare a traditional ultrasound (US) method for estimated fetal weight (EFW) calculation and fetal growth restriction diagnosis with 2 newer methods for the prediction of small for gestational age (SGA) at birth.

Methods: We reviewed deliveries at our institution from January 1, 2013, to March 31, 2017. Singleton, nonanomalous, well-dated fetuses with a US examination within 2 weeks of delivery were included.

Comparing the Hadlock fetal growth standard to the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development racial/ethnic standard for the prediction of neonatal morbidity and small for gestational age.

Background: The fetal growth standard in widest use was published by Hadlock >25 years ago and was derived from a small, homogeneous cohort. In 2015, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Study published updated standards that are specific to race/ethnicity. These do not allow for precise estimated fetal weight percentile calculation, however, and their effectiveness to predict neonatal morbidity and small for gestational age has not yet been compared to the long-standing Hadlock standard.

Cantharidin is Superior to Trichloroacetic Acid for the Treatment of Non-mucosal Genital Warts: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Condyloma Acuminatum is a sexually transmitted viral disease caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). It is the most common viral sexually transmitted disease. In this randomized controlled trial, cantharidin was found to be more effective and better tolerated than trichloroacetic acid for the treatment of these lesions.

A Comparison of Methods for the Diagnosis of Fetal Growth Restriction Between the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

Objective: The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) defines fetal growth restriction as ultrasound-estimated fetal weight less than the 10th percentile or abdominal circumference less than the 10th percentile; the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) defines fetal growth restriction as estimated fetal weight less than the 10th percentile alone. We compared each method's ability to predict small for gestational age (SGA) at birth.

Methods: For this retrospective study of diagnostic accuracy, we reviewed deliveries at the University of New Mexico Hospital from January 1, 2013, to March 31, 2017.

N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor mediates spontaneous and angiotensin II-stimulated ovine fetal swallowing.

Background: In adult rats, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have been implicated in the central control of body fluid homeostasis, as intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of NMDA receptor antagonists suppresses stimulated drinking behavior. Fetal swallowing occurs at a significantly higher rate as compared to adult drinking, contributing to amniotic fluid volume regulation and fetal gastrointestinal development. The aim of present study was to determine the role of central NMDA receptors in the modulation of fetal swallowing activity.

Cardiovascular regulation and expressions of NO synthase-tyrosine hydroxylase in nucleus tractus solitarius of ovine fetus.

The purpose of this study was to examine cardiovascular responses to fourth cerebral ventricle (4V) administration of nitroglycerin (NTG) or an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) in the near-term ovine and to determine whether, during birth, neuronal NOS (nNOS) is induced in noradrenergic A1 neurons in the medial nucleus tractus solitarius (mNTS). In chronically instrumented fetal sheep, 4V injection of NTG (1.2 nmol), an NO donor, produced an arterial blood depressor and a moderate decrease in heart rate.

Pharmacokinetics of ionized versus total magnesium in subjects with preterm labor and preeclampsia.

Objective: Intravenous magnesium sulfate is widely used in obstetrics for the treatment of both preterm labor and preeclampsia. Although therapeutic levels of total magnesium have been proposed, the levels remain controversial. Because the active form of magnesium is the free or ionized form, it is essential to determine whether ionized magnesium and total magnesium levels are highly correlated in vivo.

Neuronal NO modulates spontaneous and ANG II-stimulated fetal swallowing behavior in the near-term ovine fetus.

Spontaneous fetal swallowing occurs at a markedly higher rate compared with spontaneous adult drinking activity. This high rate of fetal swallowing is critical for amniotic fluid volume regulation. Central NO is critical for maintaining the normal rate of fetal swallowing, as nonselective inhibition of NO (with central N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) suppresses spontaneous and angiotensin II (ANG II)-stimulated swallowing.