Tracing the transmission of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales at the patient: ward environmental nexus.

Introduction: Colonisation and infection with Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in healthcare settings poses significant risks, especially for vulnerable patients. Genomic analysis can be used to trace transmission routes, supporting antimicrobial stewardship and informing infection control strategies. Here we used genomic analysis to track the movement and transmission of CREs within clinical and environmental samples.

Observational study of the Amaze™ asthma disease management platform.

Objective: Asthma is often inadequately controlled, which can result in exacerbations that lead to unplanned healthcare visits. Mobile application (app) use could help manage asthma exacerbations. We implemented the Amaze™ asthma disease management platform in clinical practice and assessed user satisfaction, usage, and usability.

The growing burden of workplace violence against healthcare workers: trends in prevalence, risk factors, consequences, and prevention - a narrative review.

Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCW) is a globally growing problem in healthcare systems. Despite decades of research and interventions violent incidents are rising in their severity and frequency. A structured review of PubMed and Scopus databases and supplementary internet searches, resulted in a synthesis of evidence covering multiple countries and healthcare worker populations.

Examining the approach to medical remediation programmes-an observational study.

Background: Remediation of underperforming students is recognised as an important tool in medical education; however, there is no universally agreed approach.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a remediation program for final year medical students who failed their first long case assessment (LCA1) and to compare their academic performance with their peers who passed their first long case assessment.

Methods: The study consisted of two phases.

Feeling sleepy? stop driving-awareness of fall asleep crashes.

Study Objectives: To examine whether drivers are aware of sleepiness and associated symptoms, and how subjective reports predict driving impairment and physiological drowsiness.

Methods: Sixteen shift workers (19-65 years; 9 women) drove an instrumented vehicle for 2 hours on a closed-loop track after a night of sleep and a night of work. Subjective sleepiness/symptoms were rated every 15 minutes.

National improvements in resident physician-reported patient safety after limiting first-year resident physicians' extended duration work shifts: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Background: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) enacted a policy in 2011 that restricted first-year resident physicians in the USA to work no more than 16 consecutive hours. This was rescinded in 2017.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide prospective cohort study of resident physicians for 5 academic years (2002-2007) before and for 3 academic years (2014-2017) after implementation of the 16 hours 2011 ACGME work-hour limit.

Identification of Distinct Long COVID Clinical Phenotypes Through Cluster Analysis of Self-Reported Symptoms.

Background: We aimed to describe the clinical presentation of individuals presenting with prolonged recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), known as long COVID.

Methods: This was an analysis within a multicenter, prospective cohort study of individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and persistent symptoms >4 weeks from onset of acute symptoms. We performed a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) on the most common self-reported symptoms and hierarchical clustering on the results of the MCA to identify symptom clusters.

Multicomponent Plasmid Protects Mice From Spontaneous Autoimmune Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which insulin-secreting β-cells are destroyed, leading to a life-long dependency on exogenous insulin. There are no approved disease-modifying therapies available, and future immunotherapies would need to avoid generalized immune suppression. We developed a novel plasmid expressing preproinsulin2 and a combination of immune-modulatory cytokines (transforming growth factor-beta-1, interleukin [IL] 10 and IL-2) capable of near-complete prevention of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice.

Algorithmic amplification of politics on Twitter.

Content on Twitter's home timeline is selected and ordered by personalization algorithms. By consistently ranking certain content higher, these algorithms may amplify some messages while reducing the visibility of others. There's been intense public and scholarly debate about the possibility that some political groups benefit more from algorithmic amplification than others.

The Implementation and Acceptability of a Combined Mobile Application with a COVID-19 at-Home Test Kit.

: Testing facilities for COVID-19 were stood up around the country during the pandemic, but could not handle the demand. This study aimed to combine a mobile application (App) with an at-home test kit to facilitate home-based testing. : After integrating an App with an at-home testing service, we measured the time between sample collection and notification of results.

Assessing the impact of FFP3 masks to oxygen saturation and pulse rate in the Oral Surgery department at the Glasgow Dental Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study.

Aim: The impact on physiological parameters and well-being from potential respiratory distress caused by FFP3 masks, particularly during extensive clinical sessions, has been widely speculated during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to investigate the effect of FFP3 mask wear on clinicians' pulse rate and oxygen saturation.

Material & Methods: Clinical staff within the Oral Surgery department recorded their oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate prior to donning an FFP3 mask, prior to doffing FFP3 mask and after doffing FFP3 mask using a finger pulse oximeter for a two-week period in May-June 2020.

Multicomponent Plasmid Protects Mice From Spontaneous Autoimmune Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which insulin-secreting β-cells are destroyed, leading to a life-long dependency on exogenous insulin. There are no approved disease-modifying therapies available, and future immunotherapies would need to avoid generalized immune suppression. We developed a novel plasmid expressing preproinsulin2 and a combination of immune-modulatory cytokines (transforming growth factor-beta-1, interleukin [IL] 10 and IL-2) capable of near-complete prevention of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice.

A hybrid mechanistic-empirical model for in silico mammalian cell bioprocess simulation.

In cell culture processes cell growth and metabolism drive changes in the chemical environment of the culture. These environmental changes elicit reactor control actions, cell growth response, and are sensed by cell signaling pathways that influence metabolism. The interplay of these forces shapes the culture dynamics through different stages of cell cultivation and the outcome greatly affects process productivity, product quality, and robustness.

Extended Work Shifts and Neurobehavioral Performance in Resident-Physicians.

Objectives: Extended-duration work rosters (EDWRs) with shifts of 24+ hours impair performance compared with rapid cycling work rosters (RCWRs) that limit shifts to 16 hours in postgraduate year (PGY) 1 resident-physicians. We examined the impact of a RCWR on PGY 2 and PGY 3 resident-physicians.

Methods: Data from 294 resident-physicians were analyzed from a multicenter clinical trial of 6 US PICUs.

Association of Sleep Disorders With Physician Burnout.

This cross-sectional study evaluates the association between sleep disorders and burnout symptoms among faculty and staff at a large teaching hospital.

Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis in Cell Culture Bioprocesses.

Mammalian cells are the main tool for the production of therapeutic proteins, viruses for gene therapy, and cells for cell therapy. In production processes cell metabolism is the main driver that causes changes in the growth environment and affects productivity and product quality. Of all nutrients, glucose has the most prominent impact on bioprocesses.

Effect on Patient Safety of a Resident Physician Schedule without 24-Hour Shifts.

Background: The effects on patient safety of eliminating extended-duration work shifts for resident physicians remain controversial.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, cluster-randomized, crossover trial comparing two schedules for pediatric resident physicians during their intensive care unit (ICU) rotations: extended-duration work schedules that included shifts of 24 hours or more (control schedules) and schedules that eliminated extended shifts and cycled resident physicians through day and night shifts of 16 hours or less (intervention schedules). The primary outcome was serious medical errors made by resident physicians, assessed by intensive surveillance, including direct observation and chart review.

Tbx2a Modulates Switching of RH2 and LWS Opsin Gene Expression.

Sensory systems are tuned by selection to maximize organismal fitness in particular environments. This tuning has implications for intraspecies communication, the maintenance of species boundaries, and speciation. Tuning of color vision largely depends on the sequence of the expressed opsin proteins.

The Association Between Resident Physician Work-Hour Regulations and Physician Safety and Health.

Background: In 2011, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) instituted a 16-h limit on consecutive hours for first-year resident physicians. We sought to examine the effect of these work-hour regulations on physician safety.

Methods: All medical students matched to a US residency program from 2002 to 2007 and 2014 to 2017 were invited to participate in prospective cohort studies.

Associations between shift work characteristics, shift work schedules, sleep and burnout in North American police officers: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To examine associations between shift work characteristics and schedules on burnout in police and whether sleep duration and sleepiness were associated with burnout.

Methods: Police officers (n=3140) completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, personal accomplishment) and self-reported shift schedules (irregular, rotating, fixed), shift characteristics (night, duration, frequency, work hours), sleep duration and sleepiness.

Results: Irregular schedules, long shifts (≥11 hours), mandatory overtime, short sleep and sleepiness were associated with increased risk of overall burnout in police.

Model-Driven Engineering of N-Linked Glycosylation in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells.

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are used for industrial production of protein-based therapeutics (i.e., "biologics").