All retinoic acid as a host-directed immunotherapy for tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the top bacterial infectious disease killer and one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. The emergence of strains of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has pushed our available stock of anti-TB agents to the limit of effectiveness. This has increased the urgent need to develop novel treatment strategies using currently available resources.

A changing demographic - Ten years of HIV care.

We aimed to benchmark the quality of care and describe characteristics of patients newly attending the HIV clinic at differing time points over the past 10 years, against the Infectious Disease Society of America HIV/AIDS performance measures. We performed a retrospective analysis of records for patients newly attending the HIV clinic in 2011, 2016 and 2018. There was an increase in male attendees in 2018 and 2016 compared to 2011 (88%, 88% vs.

Symptoms to script: delays in tuberculosis treatment in the west of Ireland.

Background: The first pillar of the End-TB Strategy is "early diagnosis and prompt treatment". Nevertheless, long delays in starting tuberculosis (TB) treatment are reported. We aimed to describe the demographics and clinical features of TB in the west of Ireland and better understand the delays in treatment.

A case of human cystic echinococcosis acquired in Ireland.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the cestodes of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato complex and, in the majority of cases, is associated with hepatic or pulmonary involvement. Human CE is not thought to be endemic in Ireland. We describe the first reported case of human CE possibly acquired in Ireland.

High-Cost, High-Need Users of Acute Unscheduled HIV Care: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: High-cost, high-need users are defined as patients who accumulate large numbers of emergency department visits and hospital admissions that might have been prevented by relatively inexpensive early interventions and primary care. This phenomenon has not been previously described in HIV-infected individuals.

Methods: We analyzed the health records of HIV-infected individuals using scheduled or unscheduled inpatient or outpatient health care in St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, from October 2014 to October 2015.

Opt-out screening for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C: observational study of screening acceptance, yield and treatment outcomes.

Background: We initiated an emergency department (ED) opt-out screening programme for HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) at our hospital in Dublin, Ireland. The objective of this study was to determine screening acceptance, yield and the impact on follow-up care.

Methods: From July 2015 through June 2018, ED patients who underwent phlebotomy and could consent to testing were tested for HIV, HBV and HCV using an opt-out approach.

bloodstream infection: the role of antitoxin.

A 65-year-old male patient presented with fever, fast atrial fibrillation and frank haematuria on return to Ireland from travel in East Africa. He had a systolic murmur leading to a clinical suspicion of endocarditis. He had no specific clinical features of diphtheria.