Fast acquisition abdominal MRI study for the investigation of suspected acute appendicitis in paediatric patients.

Objectives: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of fast acquisition MRI in suspected cases of paediatric appendicitis presenting to a tertiary referral hospital.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was undertaken between May and October 2017 of 52 children who presented with suspected appendicitis and were referred for an abdominal ultrasound. All patients included in this study received both an abdominal ultrasound and five-sequence MRI consisting of axial and coronal gradient echo T2 scans, fat-saturated SSFSE and a diffusion-weighted scan.

C-reactive protein and radiographic findings of lower respiratory tract infection in infants.

Aim: To evaluate the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and radiological evidence of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants.

Methods: All patients aged less than 4 years who presented with suspected lower respiratory tract infection, who received a peri-presentation chest radiograph and CRP blood measurement over an 18-mo period were included in the study. Age, gender, source of referral, CRP, white cell count, neutrophil count along with the patients' symptoms and radiologist's report were recorded.

Peritoneal Malignancy in Children: A Pictorial Review.

Peritoneal malignancies are a rare occurrence in children, often metastatic and rarely originating primarily in the peritoneum. The imaging findings of these entities in the pediatric age have not been recently reviewed or they have been previously described or depicted mostly as part of articles discussing each entity separately. This is a review of the most relevant peritoneal malignancies in childhood emphasizing imaging features.

Comparison of single CT scan assessment of bone mineral density, vascular calcification and fat mass with standard clinical measurements in renal transplant subjects: the ABC HeART study.

Background: Despite limitations of routine methods, Clinical Practice Guidelines support the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) and vascular calcification in renal transplant recipients. Changes in fat mass also occur post-transplantation, although they are traditionally difficult to measure accurately. We report the feasibility, convenience and accuracy of measuring the above 3 parameters using a novel CT protocol.

Early postnatal EEG features of perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke with seizures.

Background: Stroke is the second most common cause of seizures in term neonates and is associated with abnormal long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in some cases.

Objective: To aid diagnosis earlier in the postnatal period, our aim was to describe the characteristic EEG patterns in term neonates with perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke (PAIS) seizures.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Global suppression of electrocortical activity in unilateral perinatal thalamic stroke.

We present an unusual case of persistent generalized electroencephalography (EEG) suppression and right-sided clonic seizures in a male infant born at 40(+2) weeks' gestation, birthweight 3240g, with an isolated unilateral thalamic stroke. The EEG at 13 hours after birth showed a generalized very low amplitude background pattern, which progressed to frequent electrographic seizures over the left hemisphere. The interictal background EEG pattern remained grossly abnormal over the next 48 hours, showing very low background amplitudes (<10μV).

Age prediction formulae from radiographic assessment of skeletal maturation at the knee in an Irish population.

Age estimation in living subjects is primarily achieved through assessment of a hand-wrist radiograph and comparison with a standard reference atlas. Recently, maturation of other regions of the skeleton has also been assessed in an attempt to refine the age estimates. The current study presents a method to predict bone age directly from the knee in a modern Irish sample.

Early continuous video electroencephalography in neonatal stroke.

Perinatal stroke is the second most common cause of neonatal seizures, and can result in long-term neurological impairment. Diagnosis is often delayed until after seizure onset, owing to the subtle nature of associated signs. We report the early electroencephalographic (EEG) findings in a female infant with a perinatal infarction, born at 41 weeks 2 days and weighing 3.

Risk factors, complications, and outcomes of gallstones in children: a single-center review.

Background And Objective: The increasing use of sonography has resulted in an increase in the proportion of children with gallstones who are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. In adults, the literature supports expectant management of clinically silent gallstones. The evidence for this management approach in children is limited to a number of small series.

Symptomatic caval penetration by a Celect inferior vena cava filter.

We report a case of penetration of the inferior vena cava (IVC) by all four primary struts of a Celect caval filter in a 17-year-old girl with Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome. The girl presented with acute lower abdominal and right leg pain 17 days after filter insertion. An abdominal radiograph demonstrated that the filter had moved caudally and that the primary struts had splayed considerably since insertion.

Delayed, life-threatening lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in an infant after serial transverse enteroplasty: treatment with transcatheter n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate embolization.

We report a case of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue embolization of life-threatening lower gastrointestinal (LGI) hemorrhage in a 10-month-old boy. The child had a history of gastroschisis and short-bowel syndrome. Six months prior to the LGI bleed, he had undergone a serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) to lengthen his intestine.

Idiopathic suppurative pylephlebitis: interventional radiological diagnosis and management.

We report the imaging findings and management of a case of suppurative pylephlebitis of unknown cause in a 10-year-old girl. Percutaneous aspiration of frank pus from the portal vein confirmed the diagnosis and contributed to therapy. Percutaneous transhepatic thrombolysis was attempted but was unsuccessful.

Subcutaneous endometrial deposit: an unusual cause of right iliac fossa pain.

This case illustrates the use of ultrasound in identifying endometrioma and the capability of ultrasound-guided biopsy in providing definitive histological diagnosis of this rare condition.

Imaging findings in right-sided diverticulitis in a child.

We report the imaging findings in a case of acute right-sided diverticulitis in a 13-year-old boy. Based on this diagnosis the patient was successfully treated conservatively with intravenous antibiotics. This entity should be considered in patients with right lower quadrant pain and a sonographically normal appendix, particularly in those of Asian or Pacific descent.