Population-based dietary risks for kidney stones: Implications for dietary counseling and prevention.

Introduction: In the context of the increasing incidence of kidney stones, we aimed to assess the percentage of the population who are eating an at-risk diet for kidney stones and to understand the baseline diet for future counseling.

Methods: The 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey, a national, cross-sectional instrument administered by Statistics Canada and Health Canada, was queried. Intake of relevant nutrients was compared to dietary risk factors for kidney stone formation.

Towards Improvement of Heatwave Warnings for Older Adults: The Case of Queensland Australia.

Background: Heatwave warnings provide crucial information about the nature of the event and the steps that can be taken to mitigate its impact. It is well known that heat events disproportionately impact the health of older adults. Therefore, it's critical that heatwave warnings reach this population.

Prostate MRI Transitional Zone Volume Predicts BPH Enucleation Volume Better than Alternative Modalities.

Guidelines for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) interventions are volume based. The degree to which different imaging modalities actually correlate to treated volume is not known for BPH. The present study compares the accuracy of preoperative ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and MRI-transitional zone (TZ) to BPH enucleation weight.

Break Wave Lithotripsy for Urolithiasis: Results of the First-in-Human International Multi-Institutional Clinical Trial.

Purpose: This study reports on a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, clinical trial utilizing the SonoMotion (San Mateo, California) Break Wave lithotripsy (BWL) device to fragment urinary stones.

Materials And Methods: Patients with a urinary stone underwent a single treatment of 30 minutes and peak negative pressure of 4.5 to 8 MPa.

Automation of duplicate record detection for systematic reviews: Deduplicator.

Background: To describe the algorithm and investigate the efficacy of a novel systematic review automation tool "the Deduplicator" to remove duplicate records from a multi-database systematic review search.

Methods: We constructed and tested the efficacy of the Deduplicator tool by using 10 previous Cochrane systematic review search results to compare the Deduplicator's 'balanced' algorithm to a semi-manual EndNote method. Two researchers each performed deduplication on the 10 libraries of search results.

Risks and side effects in the medical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia affects up to 80% of men in their lifetime. It causes bladder outflow obstruction, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms, which can have a large impact on quality of life. Lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy are often offered as first-line treatments for patients.

Accuracy and Readability of Kidney Stone Patient Information Materials Generated by a Large Language Model Compared to Official Urologic Organizations.

Objective: To compare the readability and accuracy of large language model generated patient information materials (PIMs) to those supplied by the American Urological Association (AUA), Canadian Urological Association (CUA), and European Association of Urology (EAU) for kidney stones.

Methods: PIMs from AUA, CUA, and EAU related to nephrolithiasis were obtained and categorized. The most frequent patient questions related to kidney stones were identified from an internet query and input into GPT-3.

Transcriptomic analysis of benign prostatic hyperplasia identifies critical pathways in prostatic overgrowth and 5-alpha reductase inhibitor resistance.

Background: The medical therapy of prostatic symptoms (MTOPS) trial randomized men with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and followed response of treatment with a 5α-reductase inhibitor (5ARI), an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist (α-blocker), the combination of 5ARI and α-blocker or no medical therapy (none). Medical therapy reduced risk of clinical progression by 66% but the reasons for nonresponse or loss of therapeutic response in some patients remains unresolved. Our previous work showed that prostatic glucocorticoid levels are increased in 5ARI-treated patients and that glucocorticoids can increased branching of prostate epithelia in vitro.

Development and preliminary usability testing of an electronic conversation guide incorporating patient values and prognostic information in preparation for older people's decision-making near the end of life.

Initiating end-of-life conversations can be daunting for clinicians and overwhelming for patients and families. This leads to delays in communicating prognosis and preparing for the inevitable in old age, often generating potentially harmful overtreatment and poor-quality deaths. We aimed to develop an electronic resource, called Communicating Health Alternatives Tool (CHAT) that was compatible with hospital medical records software to facilitate preparation for shared decision-making across health settings with older adults deemed to be in the last year of life.

Innovations in Endourologic Stone Surgery: Contemporary Practice Patterns from a Global Survey.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current availability of technology for urolithiasis treatment and ureteroscopy (URS). Perioperative practice patterns, availability of ureteroscopic technologies, pre- and poststenting practices, and methods to alleviate stent-related symptoms (SRS) were assessed via a survey of members of the Endourological Society. We distributed a 43-question survey online via the Qualtrics platform to members of the Endourological Society.

Kidney Stone Prevalence Based on Self-Report and Electronic Health Records: Insight into the Prevalence of Active Medical Care for Kidney Stones.

Objective: To compare rates of patient-reported kidney stone disease to Electronic Health Records (EHR) kidney stone diagnosis using a common dataset to evaluate for socio-demographic differences, including between those with and without active care.

Methods: From the All of Us research database, we identified 21,687 adult participants with both patient-reported and EHR data. We compared differences in age, sex, race, education, employment status and healthcare access between patients with self-reported kidney stone history without EHR data to those with EHR-based diagnoses.

Antibiotics versus no treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria in residents of aged care facilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is common among residents of residential aged care facilities (RACFs). However, differentiating between an established urinary tract infection and ASB in older adults is difficult. As a result, the overuse of dipstick urinalysis, as well as the subsequent initiation of antibiotics, is common in RACFs.

Glucocorticoids are induced while dihydrotestosterone levels are suppressed in 5-alpha reductase inhibitor treated human benign prostate hyperplasia patients.

Background: The development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and medication-refractory lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) remain poorly understood. This study attempted to characterize the pathways associated with failure of medical therapy for BPH/LUTS.

Methods: Transitional zone tissue levels of cholesterol and steroids were measured in patients who failed medical therapy for BPH/LUTS and controls.

Decision-making and improvements in health-related quality of life in patients with kidney stones: comparing surgery versus observation using a mixed methods analysis.

The experience of patients who choose observation or surgery for kidney stones has not been well established. We compared these patients using qualitative interviews, the Wisconsin Quality of Life questionnaire (WISQOL), and the Cambridge Renal Stone Patient Reported Outcome Measure (CReSP). Adult patients with upper tract urinary calculi for whom observation or intervention were options underwent qualitative interviews at baseline and at 2 months.

The prostaglandin pathway is activated in patients who fail medical therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Background: Little is known about how benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) develops and why patients respond differently to medical therapy designed to reduce lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The Medical Therapy of Prostatic Symptoms (MTOPS) trial randomized men with symptoms of BPH and followed response to medical therapy for up to 6 years. Treatment with a 5α-reductase inhibitor (5ARI) or an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist (α-blocker) reduced the risk of clinical progression, while men treated with combination therapy showed a 66% decrease in risk of progressive disease.

Systematic review automation tools improve efficiency but lack of knowledge impedes their adoption: a survey.

Objective: We investigated systematic review automation tool use by systematic reviewers, health technology assessors and clinical guideline developerst.

Study Design And Setting: An online, 16-question survey was distributed across several evidence synthesis, health technology assessment and guideline development organizations. We asked the respondents what tools they use and abandon, how often and when do they use the tools, their perceived time savings and accuracy, and desired new tools.

MOSES Technology for Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate: A Prospective Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate has proven to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. New laser technologies, such as the MOSES™ pulse laser system, improve energy delivery and may improve operative times. We sought to prospectively evaluate holmium laser enucleation of the prostate using MOSES technology in a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

A Multi-institutional Review of Single-access Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Complex Staghorn Stones.

Background: With the heterogeneous distribution of novel surgical technologies and variable physician training, there is a need to re-evaluate contemporary outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for complex staghorn stones.

Objective: To evaluate contemporary outcomes of guideline-supported treatment for patients with staghorn kidney stones using single-access PCNL in multiple North American centers.

Design, Setting And Participants: We performed a multi-institutional retrospective review of staghorn stones managed from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2019, inclusive.

Device profile of the LithoVue single-use digital flexible ureteroscope in the removal of kidney stones: overview of safety and efficacy.

: Flexible ureteroscopy is a commonly performed urologic procedure for visualization and treatment of the upper urinary tracts. Traditionally, ureteroscopy has been performed with reusable scopes, which have large initial purchasing costs. LithoVue was the first widely adopted single-use flexible ureteroscope clinically available in 2016 and has caused reevaluation of this paradigm.

Clinician ersus Nomogram Predicted Estimates of Kidney Stone Recurrence Risk.

Kidney stone recurrence rates vary between patients. A patient's risk informs the frequency and intensity of preventative interventions. Clinicians routinely use clinical experience to estimate risk.

Defining postoperative ileus and associated risk factors in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program.

Introduction: Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication of radical cystectomy (RC), occurring in 1.6-23.5% of cases.