Visual and circadian regulation of BDBT and BDBT effects on DBT and PER localization.

BRIDE OF DOUBLETIME (BDBT) interacts with the circadian kinase DOUBLETIME (DBT) and accumulates in eye foci during the dark of a light:dark cycle. BDBT foci are shown here to be broadly expressed in constant dark and low in constant light. Analysis of circadian photoreceptor and visual photoreceptor mutants showed that disappearance of eye BDBT foci requires both the CRYPTOCHROME and the RHODOPSIN-1 pathways.

The Frequency and Outcomes of Nerve Palsies in Operatively Treated Supracondylar Humerus Fractures.

Background: A high index of suspicion for nerve palsy is essential in the setting of a displaced supracondylar humerus fracture (SCHF) with careful attention to the examination. We hypothesize that nerve injuries are more prevalent in higher energy type III and flexion SCHFs compared with type II fractures.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 1085 operatively treated SCHFs in pediatric patients, aged 0 to 14 years, between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018.

The embryonic trunk neural crest microenvironment regulates the plasticity and invasion of human neuroblastoma via TrkB signaling.

Mistakes in trunk neural crest (NC) cell migration may lead to birth defects of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and neuroblastoma (NB) cancer. Receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) and its ligand BDNF critically regulate NC cell migration during normal SNS development and elevated expression of TrkB is correlated with high-risk NB patients. However, in the absence of a model with in vivo interrogation of human NB cell and gene expression dynamics, the mechanistic role of TrkB in NB disease progression remains unclear.