The Role of Social Deficits in the Link Between Social Gambling Motives and Problem Gambling.

In comparison to other motives for gambling, social motives (e.g., gambling for social interaction) are often suggested to be the least problematic and, in some cases, even a protective factor for problem gambling.

'Will my fingerprint be enough?': secondary school students struggle to purchase a healthy, tasty and sustainable meal on the UK free school meal allowance.

Objective: Free school meals (FSM) are a crucial form of support for families. This study aimed to investigate whether the FSM allowance can provide what is perceived to be, healthy, sustainable and satisfying food.

Design: A mixed methods study incorporating co-production, citizen science and participatory approaches was conducted.

Comparative Clinical Study on Magnesium Absorption and Side Effects After Oral Intake of Microencapsulated Magnesium (MAGSHAPE Microcapsules) Versus Other Magnesium Sources.

Background/objectives: Magnesium (Mg)-based food supplements contribute to the maintenance of adequate levels of Mg that are essential for overall health and well-being. The aim of this double-blind, randomized, cross-over clinical study was to assess the plasma Mg levels in volunteers following the oral administration of a magnesium-based nutraceutical ingredient, MAGSHAPE microcapsules (Mg-MS), in comparison to other commonly used magnesium sources, including the following: Mg Oxide (MgO), Mg Citrate (Mg-C), and Mg bisglycinate (Mg-BG).

Methods: A total of 40 healthy women and men were put on a low-Mg diet for 7 days, and after 8 h of fasting, a blood sample was taken from a digital puncture before (0 h) and 1 h, 4 h, and 6 h after the oral intake of each product.

The HIP mouse and all of its organs are completely invisible to allogeneic immune cells.

Hypoimmune (HIP) allogeneic cell therapeutics hold the promise to allow off-the-shelf treatments for a broad patient population. Our HIP approach includes the depletion of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules and the overexpression of Cd47. Here, we report the engineering of HIP mice that stably exhibit the HIP phenotype in all cell types.

Transitioning From Nusinersen to Risdiplam for Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Clinical Practice: A Single-Center Experience.

Background: Nusinersen and risdiplam are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

Heritable Burden of Community Sudden Death by Autopsy and Molecular Phenotyping for Precision Genotype Correlation.

Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) genetic studies neglect the majority occurring in older decedents with cardiovascular pathology.

Objectives: This study sought to determine the burden of genetic disease in unselected adult sudden deaths by precision genotype-postmortem phenotype correlation.

Methods: The authors used autopsy, histology, and toxicology to adjudicate cause and identify high-suspicion phenotypes (eg, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) among presumed SCDs aged 18 to 90 years referred to the county medical examiner from February 2011 to January 2018.

Validating performance status and activities of daily living assessment tools for Chinese palliative care in a cancer setting: A cross-cultural psychometric study.

Objective: National approaches to the routine assessment of palliative care patients improve patient outcomes. However, validated tools and a national methodology for this are lacking in Mainland China. The Australian Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration (PCOC) model is a well-established national program aimed at improving the quality of palliative care based on point-of-care outcomes assessment.

Transcriptomic Profiling of Human Myocardium at Sudden Death to Define Vulnerable Substrate for Lethal Arrhythmias.

Background: While some chronic pathological substrates for sudden cardiac death (SCD) are well known (eg, coronary artery disease and left ventricular [LV] dysfunction), the acute vulnerable myocardial state predisposing to fatal arrhythmia remains a critical barrier to near-term SCD prevention.

Objectives: This study sought to define the distinct myocardial transcriptomic profile of autopsy-defined arrhythmic sudden deaths, compared to nonarrhythmic sudden deaths and trauma deaths, to determine the acute vulnerable state in the hours to days before SCD.

Methods: We used autopsy to adjudicate arrhythmic from nonarrhythmic causes in 1,265 sudden deaths in San Francisco County from 2011 to 2018.

Reflection on the landscape of education in the area of exposure modelling.

Exposure models are essential for a range of contexts involving exposure science. The Exposure Models Working Group, established under ISES Europe, identified that to improve model use, suitable training and education is required. However, there is currently no formal educational training programme for exposure modelling in Europe.

Taldefgrobep Alfa and the Phase 3 RESILIENT Trial in Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare, genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by insufficient production of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Diminished SMN protein levels lead to motor neuron loss, causing muscle atrophy and weakness that impairs daily functioning and reduces quality of life. SMN upregulators offer clinical improvements and increased survival in SMA patients, although significant unmet needs remain.

Widespread service fragmentation for patients and families with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in the Republic of Ireland.

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare approximate 1:6000 birth incidence, a genetic disease with a wide variability of physical and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Patients require lifelong care from multiple healthcare specialities, for which International and United Kingdom (UK) TSC consensus recommendations exist. Personalised care delivered by a centralised coordinated team of TSC experts is recommended.

Genetic Code Expansion in MR-1 Allows Site-Specific Incorporation of Bioorthogonal Functional Groups into a -Type Cytochrome.

Genetic code expansion has enabled cellular synthesis of proteins containing unique chemical functional groups to allow the understanding and modulation of biological systems and engineer new biotechnology. Here, we report the development of efficient methods for site-specific incorporation of structurally diverse noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins expressed in the electroactive bacterium MR-1. We demonstrate that the biosynthetic machinery for ncAA incorporation is compatible and orthogonal to the endogenous pathways of MR-1 for protein synthesis, maturation of -type cytochromes, and protein secretion.

Reducing Blood Culture Contamination Rates: Introduction of a Combined Education and Skin Antisepsis Intervention.

Blood culture contamination (BCC) is an important quality concern in clinical microbiology as it can lead to unnecessary antimicrobial therapy in patients and increased workload for laboratory scientists. The Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute recommend BCC rates to be <3 % and recently updated guidelines have set a new goal of 1 %. The aim of this project was to design and implement interventions to reduce BCC rates at our institution.

How, when, and who should ask about pregnancy intentions in primary care? A qualitative study of primary healthcare professionals' preferences.

Background: Knowing people's pregnancy intentions would help healthcare professionals (HCPs) to take a more holistic approach to reproductive health and preconception care.

Aim: To assess the feasibility of implementation of questions about pregnancy preferences in a range of primary care settings in Great Britain, including digital implementation.

Design & Setting: Qualitative study using online semi-structured interviews with primary healthcare professionals across Great Britain between February and July 2022.

Employment, education or training status (NEET) at baseline predicts high-threshold symptomatic remission in first episode psychosis: A cohort study.

Aim: Clinical studies following a first episode of psychosis (FEP) have increasingly exposed the complexity of identifying predictive outcome variables. We aimed to explore the utility of NEET status (not in education, employment or training) at FEP onset in predicting high threshold clinical remission (absence of positive symptoms and off antipsychotic medication for 6 months) at 3 years following treatment with an early intervention for psychosis service.

Methods: We studied an established retrospective naturalistic cohort of 354 patients with FEP (the S1P cohort).

Sun-related knowledge and practices in Irish construction and agricultural workers.

Background: Agricultural and construction workers spend much of their work time outdoors and have higher risks of developing skin cancer when compared to indoor workers. However, there is limited research on ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure knowledge, sun safety practices and constraints within these occupational groups in Ireland.

Aims: This study aimed to examine self-reported time spent outdoors in a sample of Irish agricultural and construction workers; to describe and compare UVR exposure knowledge, safety practices and perceived constraints in both occupational groups, and to assess the association of demographic, personal and occupational factors with sun-related knowledge, practices and perceived constraints.

Immersive Leadership Training for Physicians: Comparing Retrospective Pre- and Post-Test Virtual vs in-Person 6-Month Follow-Up of Learning.

Purpose: Little is known about the long-term efficacy of virtual leadership training for physicians. This study compares two highly similar groups of Obstetricians-Gynecologists' (OB-GYN) 6-month post-program changes in competency and skills after experiencing equity-centered leadership training in a virtual or in-person format.

Participants And Methods: Using a retrospective pre- and post-test method, we collected 6-month post-program data on 14 competencies for knowledge gains and skills use, comparing the virtual cohort (2021, n = 22) to the in-person cohort (2022, n = 33) in 55 total participants.

Evaluating cardiac lead safety using observational, real-world data: EP PASSION proof-of-concept study.

Background: Traditional post-approval study (PAS) designs have been accepted by regulatory authorities to fulfill postmarketing requirements for cardiac leads, but they have several limitations.

Objective: We conducted a proof-of-concept study of alternative methods that use real-world data (RWD) to evaluate lead safety in large populations of patients.

Methods: Abbott patient device databases were linked with Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS) claims to identify lead complications in patients implanted with Abbott Optisure lead.

Implementation of an ISO 15189 accredited next generation sequencing service for cell-free total nucleic acid (cfTNA) analysis to facilitate driver mutation reporting in blood: the experience of a clinical diagnostic laboratory.

Aims: Next generation sequencing (NGS) on tumour tissue is integral to the delivery of personalised medicine and targeted therapy. NGS on liquid biopsy, a much less invasive technology, is an emerging clinical tool that has rapidly expanded clinical utility. Gene mutations in cell-free total nucleic acids (cfTNA) circulating in the blood are representative of whole tumour biology and can reveal different mutations from different tumour sites, thus addressing tumour heterogeneity challenges.

RNA Analysis Using Immunoassay Detection Format.

Oligonucleotide probe tagging and reverse transcriptase polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) are the most widely used techniques currently used for detecting and analyzing RNA. RNA detection using labeled oligonucleotide probe-based approaches is suitable for point-of-care (POC) applications but lacks assay sensitivity, whereas RT-PCR requires complex instrumentation. As an alternative, immunoassay detection formats coupled with isothermal RNA amplification techniques have been proposed for handheld assay development.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Topical Analgesia Posthemorrhoidectomy (TAPH Trial).

Background: Postoperative pain remains the greatest problem after hemorrhoidectomy. Pain is hypothesized to arise from bacterial infection, sphincter spasm, and local inflammation.

Objective: This trial was conducted to assess the effects of metronidazole, diltiazem, and lidocaine on posthemorrhoidectomy pain.