Clinical factors associated with skin neoplasms in individuals with Lynch syndrome in a longitudinal observational cohort.

Background: Little is known about patient-specific risk factors for skin neoplasia in individuals with Lynch syndrome (LS).

Objective: Identify clinical factors associated with development of skin neoplasms in LS.

Methods: Clinical data were systematically collected on a cohort of LS carriers (confirmed pathogenic germline variants in MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, or EPCAM) age ≥18 undergoing clinical genetics care at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute from January 2000 to March 2020.

Neuropeptide regulation of non-redundant ILC2 responses at barrier surfaces.

Emerging studies indicate that cooperation between neurons and immune cells regulates antimicrobial immunity, inflammation and tissue homeostasis. For example, a neuronal rheostat provides excitatory or inhibitory signals that control the functions of tissue-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) at mucosal barrier surfaces. ILC2s express NMUR1, a receptor for neuromedin U (NMU), which is a prominent cholinergic neuropeptide that promotes ILC2 responses.

Pemphigus-like eruption as a complication of molluscum contagiosum treatment with imiquimod in a 5-year-old girl.

Pemphigus and pemphigus-like reactions can be triggered by a variety of medications including topical therapies, such as imiquimod. While the association between imiquimod and pemphigus-like reactions has been reported in adults, this is the first report of a generalized reaction beyond the site of imiquimod application in a child. The mechanism by which this occurs may be through a unique pathway, separate from the classic antibody-mediated pathway.

A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study and Systematic Review of Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma With Proposed Diagnostic Criteria.

Importance: Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis classically associated with paraproteinemia attributable to plasma-cell dyscrasias or lymphoproliferative disorders. Despite the morbidity of NXG, the literature is limited to case reports and small studies, and diagnostic criteria are lacking.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of NXG and propose diagnostic criteria.

Phototherapy for Itch.

Phototherapy is an effective treatment modality for many types of pruritus. Although the exact mechanisms by which phototherapy reduces itch vary across pruritic conditions, its effects may result from immune suppression and/or neural modulation. In this article, the authors review the efficacy of different types of phototherapy for common inflammatory and noninflammatory pruritic conditions and discuss common side effects, such as erythema and exacerbation of pruritus.

Impact of medical scribes on dermatology trainee and attending experience.

Background: Medical scribe integration into academic dermatology practices results in decreased attending documentation time, improved physician efficiency, and positive patient satisfaction. However, scribes' impact on dermatology education has not been explored.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey at the Brigham and Women's Hospital Dermatology Department and its associated residency program assessing trainee and attending perceptions of scribe impact on documentation time, teaching time, and quality of teaching.

Atypical cutaneous targetoid lesions after bone marrow transplant.

A 69-year-old man with esophageal EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma status post allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) five months prior presented to his oncologist with three days of maculopapular rash that was initially diagnosed as grade 1 graft-versus-host disease and started on oral prednisone. However, due to worsening of the rash, the patient presented to dermatology clinic, where skin biopsy revealed a diagnosis of erythema multiforme (EM). The patient improved with the use of topical steroids.

Cutaneous reactions to targeted therapies in children with CNS tumors: A cross-sectional study.

Background: MAPK (RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MAP) and mTOR inhibitors are novel treatments for pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The literature on common cutaneous adverse reactions to these therapies is sparse in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to describe common cutaneous adverse reactions to BRAF, MEK, and mTOR inhibitors in children with CNS tumors.

Novel therapies in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common cutaneous condition characterized by epidermal barrier disruption, severe skin inflammation, and pruritus. As a result of our growing understanding of disease pathogenesis, the therapeutic armamentarium to manage AD is rapidly expanding. Moving beyond broadly immunosuppressive agents, newer therapies for AD offer more targeted immunomodulation in the forms of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors, and anticytokine monoclonal antibodies.

An extrasynaptic GABAergic signal modulates a pattern of forward movement in Caenorhabditis elegans.

As a common neurotransmitter in the nervous system, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulates locomotory patterns in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying the behavioral effects of GABAergic modulation are not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that a GABAergic signal in C.

The prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying in high school: a 2011 survey.

Background: Bullying is common among young students, and cyberbullying has increased due to the use of technology. This study investigates the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying among high school students and the emotional effects of bullying on students.

Methods: Students at East Chapel Hill High School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina completed the Gatehouse Bullying Scale and the Peer Relations Questionnaire.