Fishnet mesh of centrin-Sfi1 drives ultrafast calcium-activated contraction of the giant cell .

is a unicellular ciliate capable of contracting to a quarter of its body length in less than five milliseconds. When measured as fractional shortening, this is an order of magnitude faster than motion powered by actomyosin. Myonemes, which are protein networks found near the cortex of many protists, are believed to power contraction.

Response to letter to the editor regarding "Does the 5-2-1 criteria identify patients with advanced Parkinson's disease? Real-world screening accuracy and burden of 5-2-1-positive patients in 7 countries".

The 5-2-1 criteria was developed to facilitate the identification and referral of patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) inadequately controlled by oral medications. The criterion was not developed to screen patients with PD for device-aided therapy eligibility. The robust design and validation of the 5-2-1 criteria minimizes over or inappropriate referrals, and supports physicians in the timely identification of patients with PD who may warrant further evaluation for treatment optimization.

Risk for Mortality in High versus Low Antiparkinsonian Therapy Dose During the First Year of Parkinson's Disease: A Real-World Study.

Introduction: Early, simple predictors for long-term survival in Parkinson's disease (PD) may help identify patients at elevated risk and are crucial for more personalized treatment.

Methods: This large, retrospective study examined whether higher levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) a year after diagnosis predicts long-term survival.

Results: Mortality risk was increased among 292 patients receiving ≥ 600 mg LEDD versus 2233 patients receiving < 600 mg LEDD (hazard ratio 1.

Barriers and facilitators to guideline concordant dental antibiotic prescribing in the United States: A qualitative study of the National Dental PBRN.

Objectives: While factors contributing to dental antibiotic overprescribing have previously been described, previous work has lacked any theoretical behavior change framework that could guide future intervention development. The purpose of this study was to use an evidence-based conceptual model to identify barriers and facilitators of appropriate antibiotic prescribing by dentists as a guide for future interventions aimed at modifying antibiotic prescribing.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with dentists from the National Dental Practice Based Research Network (PBRN) exploring patient and practice factors perceived to impact antibiotic prescribing.

Cost-effectiveness of full and partial opioid agonists for opioid use disorder in outpatient settings: United States healthcare sector perspective.

Introduction: Studies show that medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) reduce illicit opioid use, emergency healthcare services, opioid-related overdose, and death. However, few studies have investigated the long-term cost-effectiveness of MOUD in office-based opioid treatment (OBOT) and opioid treatment program (OTP) settings. We aimed to estimate the cost, utility, quality-adjusted life years gained (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of three MOUD compared to each other and counseling without medication from a US healthcare sector perspective.

Changes in antibiotic prescribing by dentists in the United States, 2012-2019.

Objectives: Dentists prescribe 10% of all outpatient antibiotics in the United States and are the top specialty prescriber. Data on current antibiotic prescribing trends are scarce. Therefore, we evaluated trends in antibiotic prescribing rates by dentists, and we further assessed whether these trends differed by agent, specialty, and by patient characteristics.

Healthcare resource utilization and device-aided therapy discussions with eligible patients across the Parkinson's disease continuum: Revelations from the MANAGE-PD validation cohort.

Introduction: Device-aided therapy may improve the quality of life (QoL) for people with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and poorly controlled symptoms with oral therapy. MANAGE-PD is a validated tool classifying patients based on symptom control and advanced treatment eligibility. This study focused on patient/caregiver reported outcomes and healthcare resource utilization among patients grouped by MANAGE-PD categories.

The Relationship Between Signature Time and Functional Health Literacy: Results from a Prospective Study of an Urban Low-Income Population Receiving Long-Term Anticoagulation.

Introduction: Low health literacy (HL) is consistently associated with worse health outcomes. Routine clinical screening with available instruments is impractical because of added time and effort. Prior findings suggested that signature time may be a reliable alternative measure of HL among general medicine patients.

Genome-wide analysis of anterior-posterior mRNA regionalization in reveals a role for the microtubule cytoskeleton.

Cells have complex and beautiful structures that are important for their function. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms that produce these structures is a challenging problem due to the gap in size scales between molecular interactions and cellular structures. The giant ciliate is a unicellular model organism whose large size, reproducible structure, and ability to heal wounds and regenerate have historically allowed the formation of structure in a single cell to be addressed using methods of experimental embryology.

Comparative Effectiveness of Carbidopa/Levodopa Enteral Suspension and Deep Brain Stimulation on Pill Burden Reduction in Medicare Fee-for-Service Patients with Advanced Parkinson's Disease.

Introduction: Complex polypharmacy regimens to manage persistent motor fluctuations result in significant pill burden for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (APD). This study evaluated the effectiveness of carbidopa/levodopa enteral suspension (CLES) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) on reducing pill burden in APD patients.

Methods: We utilized 100% Medicare fee-for-service claims from 2014 to 2018 linked to CLES Patient Support Program (PSP) data.

Long-term results of carbidopa/levodopa enteral suspension across the day in advanced Parkinson's disease: Post-hoc analyses from a large 54-week trial.

Introduction: Carbidopa/levodopa enteral suspension (CLES) previously demonstrated reduction in total daily OFF from baseline by over 4 hours in advanced Parkinson's disease patients across 54 weeks. Evidence on CLES's long-term effectiveness on patterns of motor-symptom control throughout the day remains limited.

Methods: We present post-hoc analyses of a large, open-label study of CLES monotherapy (N = 289).

Comparative Effectiveness of Device-Aided Therapies on Quality of Life and Off-Time in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Research comparing levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) is lacking. This network meta-analysis (NMA) assessed the comparative effectiveness of LCIG, DBS, CSAI and best medical therapy (BMT) in reducing off-time and improving quality of life (QoL) in patients with advanced PD.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational and interventional studies from January 2003 to September 2019.

Modular, cascade-like transcriptional program of regeneration in .

The giant ciliate Stentor coeruleus is a classical model system for studying regeneration and morphogenesis in a single cell. The anterior of the cell is marked by an array of cilia, known as the oral apparatus, which can be induced to shed and regenerate in a series of reproducible morphological steps, previously shown to require transcription. If a cell is cut in half, each half regenerates an intact cell.

Serious opioid-related adverse outcomes associated with opioids prescribed by dentists.

Although nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs are superior to opioids in dental pain management, opioids are still prescribed for dental pain in the United States. Little is known about the serious adverse outcomes of short-acting opioids within the context of dental prescribing. The objective of this study was to evaluate adverse outcomes and persistent opioid use (POU) after opioid prescriptions by dentists, based on whether opioids were overprescribed or within recommendations.

Physical functioning, frailty and risks of locally-advanced breast cancer among older women.

Objective: Women with multiple comorbidities have competing health needs that may delay screening for early detection of breast cancer. Our objective was to determine associations between physical functioning and frailty with risk of locally-advanced breast cancer (BC).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women 65 years and older diagnosed with first primary stage I-III BC using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Medicare Health Outcome Survey Data Resource.

Determining protein polarization proteome-wide using physical dissection of individual Stentor coeruleus cells.

Cellular components are non-randomly arranged with respect to the shape and polarity of the whole cell. Patterning within cells can extend down to the level of individual proteins and mRNA. But how much of the proteome is actually localized with respect to cell polarity axes? Proteomics combined with cellular fractionation has shown that most proteins localize to one or more organelles but does not tell us how many proteins have a polarized localization with respect to the large-scale polarity axes of the intact cell.

Comparative Effectiveness of Carbidopa-Levodopa Enteral Suspension and Deep Brain Stimulation on Parkinson's Disease-Related Pill Burden Reduction in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Retrospective Real-World Cohort Study.

Introduction: In advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), a high pill burden is associated with poor compliance, reduced control of symptoms, and decreased quality of life. We assessed the impact of carbidopa-levodopa enteral suspension (CLES) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) on PD-related pill burden.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted in the IBM MarketScan and Medicare Supplemental databases.

Association between transportation barriers and anticoagulation control among an inner-city, low-income population: A prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Anticoagulation with warfarin represents a transportation-sensitive treatment state. Transportation barrier is a common reason for not using health care services.

Objective: To assess the association between transportation barriers to anticoagulation clinic and anticoagulation control (AC) among an inner-city, low-income population.

Associations between frailty and cancer-specific mortality among older women with breast cancer.

Purpose: Frailty is assessed when making treatment decisions among older women with breast cancer (BC), which in turn impacts survival. We evaluated associations between pre-diagnosis frailty and risks of BC-specific and all-cause mortality in older women.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries ages ≥ 65 years with stage I-III BC using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare Health Outcome Survey Data Resource.

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Associated Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review.

Background: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare but known adverse event associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) in adults. No studies to date have looked at the risk of this association in children. We systematically reviewed the evidence for a potential association between TMP-SMX and DILI in the pediatric population.