Leadership Development in Dental Education: Report on the ADEA Leadership Institute, 2000-14.

The American Dental Education Association’s Leadership Institute (ADEA LI) is the association’s flagship development program for those aspiring to leadership in dental and higher education. As with previous studies of the ADEA LI, ADEA will use information from the survey described in this report to improve the ADEA LI curriculum and to guide other leadership development efforts. In 2014-15, ADEA distributed a 50-item online survey via email to all ADEA LI alumni from the classes of 2000 through 2014.

A Profile of Dental School Deans, 2014.

To develop a profile of current U.S. dental school deans and report their perceptions, challenges, and opportunities that should be addressed in the leadership development programs of the American Dental Education Association (ADEA), data were gathered using a web-based survey organized into seven content areas.

Attitudes and preferences of parents about being present in the dental operatory.

Purpose: To determine if there was an association between the type of dental procedure being performed on children and parental desire to be present in the operatory.

Methods: Parents (N=339) whose children had dental appointments at a university pediatric dental clinic or affiliated practices in Southern Nevada completed a survey. Parents identified attitudes/preferences associated with five commonly conducted pediatric dental procedural scenarios.

Partial Meal Replacement Plan and Quality of the Diet at 1 Year: Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Trial.

Background: Little is known about diet quality with a reduced-energy, low-fat, partial meal replacement plan, especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial implemented a partial meal replacement plan in the Intensive Lifestyle Intervention.

Objective: To compare dietary intake and percent meeting fat-related and food group dietary recommendations in Intensive Lifestyle Intervention and Diabetes Support and Education groups at 12 months.

Evaluation of an integrative model for professional development and research in a dental curriculum.

The purpose of this project was to evaluate a Research, Professional Development, and Critical Thinking Integrative Model developed for use in a dental curriculum. This article outlines strategies used in developing a competency-based pedagogical model designed to provide a tailored student learning environment with objective, measurable, and calibrated assessment outcomes. The theoretical model integrated elements of critical thinking, professionalism, and evidence-based dentistry across dental school disciplines; implementation was based on consensus of dental faculty and student representatives about course content, faculty allocation, and curriculum alignment.

Interprofessional faculty development: integration of oral health into the geriatric diabetes curriculum, from theory to practice.

Background: Health care workforce shortages and an increase demand for health care services by an older demographic challenged by oral-systemic conditions are being recognized across health care systems. Demands are placed on health care professionals to render coordinated delivery of services. Management of oral-systemic conditions requires a trained health care workforce to render interprofessional patient-centered and coordinated delivery of health care services.

Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: oral health and nutrition.

It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that nutrition is an integral component of oral health. The Academy supports integration of oral health with nutrition services, education, and research. Collaboration between dietetics practitioners and oral health care professionals is recommended for oral health promotion and disease prevention and intervention.

Dietary guidance for people wearing removable prostheses.

Background: The authors identified and described dietary strategies appropriate for dental patients who receive dental care that includes the placement and maintenance of dental prostheses.

Conclusions: Identification of a patient's perception of food choices associated with placement of a dental prosthesis can lead to delivery of patient-focused dietary guidance for the promotion of targeted food choices to improve oral health and systemic health. An interview guide for assessment of patient satisfaction and a guide for suggested dietary choices and modifications are provided.

The effect of tobacco and marijuana use on dental health status in Nevada adolescents: a trend analysis.

Purpose: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. If current trends persist, tobacco will kill more than 8 million people worldwide by 2030 and 1 billion by the end of the century. The purpose of this study was to determine trends in tobacco/marijuana use in Nevada adolescents and their effect on dental health status.

HEALTHY study school food service revenue and expense report.

Background: Food service directors have a concern that federal reimbursement is not meeting the demands of increasing costs of healthier meals. The purpose of this article is to report the food option changes and the annual revenues and expenses of the school food service environment.

Methods: The HEALTHY study was a 3-year (2006 to 2009) randomized, cluster-designed trial conducted in 42 middle schools at 7 field centers.

Electronic vs. traditional textbook use: dental students' perceptions and study habits.

This descriptive study assessed dental students' attitudes about computer use as it relates to study habits and use of e-textbook technology. Academic deans and student leaders at all accredited dental education programs in the United States, Puerto Rico, and Canada were asked to forward an e-mail to students explaining the purpose of the study and asking them to participate. The e-mail included an embedded URL link to the survey.

Effect of nutrition changes on foods selected by students in a middle school-based diabetes prevention intervention program: the HEALTHY experience.

Background: The HEALTHY primary prevention trial developed an integrated multicomponent intervention program to moderate risk factors for type 2 diabetes in middle schools. The nutrition component aimed to improve the quality of foods and beverages served to students. Changes in the School Breakfast Program (SBP), National School Lunch Program (NSLP), and à la carte venues are compared to the experience of control schools.

Ninth-grade students' perceived attitudes and behaviors in a tobacco cessation program delivered by dental educators.

This study measured whether a tobacco cessation program in Nevada's Clark County School District (CCSD) delivered by dental educators affected ninth-grade students' short-term perceived knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and intentions (KABI) toward tobacco use and whether the CCSD's immersion approach led to positive changes in students' KABI. A quantitative research methodology with a descriptive research design was used. Data were collected from 617 students using pre- and post-program surveys self-administered by the participants.

Validation of a multifactorial risk factor model used for predicting future caries risk with Nevada adolescents.

Background: The objective of this study was to measure the validity and reliability of a multifactorial Risk Factor Model developed for use in predicting future caries risk in Nevada adolescents in a public health setting.

Methods: This study examined retrospective data from an oral health surveillance initiative that screened over 51,000 students 13-18 years of age, attending public/private schools in Nevada across six academic years (2002/2003-2007/2008). The Risk Factor Model included ten demographic variables: exposure to fluoridation in the municipal water supply, environmental smoke exposure, race, age, locale (metropolitan vs.

Improving quality of Food Frequency Questionnaire response in low-income Mexican American children.

The authors evaluated the validity and reliability of the Block Kids Food Frequency Questionnaire (BKFFQ) and the Block Kid Screener (BKScreener) in Mexican American children living along the Texas-Mexico border who participated in the National Institutes of Health-funded Proyecto Bienestar Laredo. The Bienestar/NEEMA health program is a school-based diabetes and obesity control program, and the Proyecto Bienestar Laredo is the translation of the Bienestar/NEEMA health program to 38 elementary schools in Laredo, Texas. Par ticipants included 2,376 eight-year-old boys (48%) and girls (52%) from two school districts in Laredo.

Inequalities of caries experience in Nevada youth expressed by DMFT index vs. Significant Caries Index (SiC) over time.

Background: With the increasingly polarized distribution of dental caries among children and adolescents, the usual DMFT measure has become a less meaningful population descriptor. To re-focus on identifying the high caries prevalence group the Significant Caries Index (SiC) was created. The aims of this study were to analyze the prevalence and severity of dental caries in Nevada youth over a period of eight years and to compare its expression by means of DMFT and SiC; analyze the caries trends in the population and their underlying factors, and determine whether Nevada youth were at risk for significantly high levels of dental caries.

The effects of the HEALTHY study intervention on middle school student dietary intakes.

Background: The HEALTHY study was designed to respond to the alarming trends in increasing rates of overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in youth. The objective of this analysis was to examine the effects of the HEALTHY study on student self-reported dietary intakes (energy, macronutrients and grams consumed of selected food groups).

Methods: HEALTHY was a cluster-randomized study in 42 public middle schools.

Impact of the HEALTHY Study on Vending Machine Offerings in Middle Schools.

Purposeobjectives: The purpose of this study is to report the impact of the three-year middle school-based HEALTHY study on intervention school vending machine offerings. There were two goals for the vending machines: serve only dessert/snack foods with 200 kilocalories or less per single serving package, and eliminate 100% fruit juice and beverages with added sugar.

Methods: Six schools in each of seven cities (Houston, TX, San Antonio, TX, Irvine, CA, Portland, OR, Pittsburg, PA, Philadelphia, PA, and Chapel Hill, NC) were randomized into intervention (n=21 schools) or control (n=21 schools) groups, with three intervention and three control schools per city.

Southern Nevada assisted living residents' perception of their oral health status and access to dental care.

Objective: Oral health is an integral component of general health, and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of oral health status and acces\s to dental care by Southern Nevada Assisted Living Facilities Residents.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study design was used to survey residents between 34 and 99 years old residing in Assisted Living Facilities.

A case-control study of determinants for high and low dental caries prevalence in Nevada youth.

Background: The main purpose of this study was to compare the 30% of Nevada Youth who presented with the highest Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index to a cohort who were caries free and to national NHANES data. Secondly, to explore the factors associated with higher caries prevalence in those with the highest DMFT scores compared to the caries-free group.

Methods: Over 4000 adolescents between ages 12 and 19 (Case Group: N = 2124;

Control Group: N = 2045) received oral health screenings conducted in public/private middle and high schools in Nevada in 2008/2009 academic year.

Preparing the dental workforce for oral disease prevention in an aging population.

The growing proportion of older adults in the U.S. population, as well as escalating dental expenditures, is leading to major changes in the demands on oral health care delivery.

Evaluating dietary intake in dental practices: doing it right.

Background: In three separate scenarios, the authors illustrate dietary assessment evaluations completed in dental settings by oral health care professionals (OHCPs) using time-efficient guidelines and targeted realistic patient education messages.

Conclusions: Patients' responses to key questions can provide OHCPs with a road map for conducting dietary assessments and evaluations, selecting specific assessment approaches, and developing targeted patient nutrition and oral health education messages.

Clinical Implications: To individualize and enhance comprehensive patient care, OHCPs can conduct dietary assessments, evaluate results, refer patients when indicated, and provide patient nutrition and oral health education.

The contribution of dietary factors to dental caries and disparities in caries.

Frequent consumption of simple carbohydrates, primarily in the form of dietary sugars, is significantly associated with increased dental caries risk. Malnutrition (undernutrition or overnutrition) in children is often a consequence of inappropriate infant and childhood feeding practices and dietary behaviors associated with limited access to fresh, nutrient dense foods, substituting instead high-energy, low-cost, nutrient-poor sugary and fatty foods. Lack of availability of quality food stores in rural and poor neighborhoods, food insecurity, and changing dietary beliefs resulting from acculturation, including changes in traditional ethnic eating behaviors, can further deter healthful eating and increase risk for early childhood caries and obesity.

Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial: baseline evaluation of selected nutrients and food group intake.

Background: Little has been reported regarding food and nutrient intake in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and most reports have been based on findings in select groups or individuals who self-reported having diabetes.

Objective: To describe the baseline food and nutrient intake of the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial participants, compare participant intake to national guidelines, and describe demographic and health characteristics associated with food group consumption.

Methods: The Look AHEAD trial is evaluating the effects of a lifestyle intervention (calorie control and increased physical activity for weight loss) compared with diabetes support and education on long-term cardiovascular and other health outcomes.