The Evolution of Community Benefit: Perspective on Progress Toward Purpose.

To maintain exemption from federal taxes, non-profit hospitals in the USA are required to contribute to their communities an amount comparable to the taxes they otherwise would have paid. Since 2008, non-profit hospitals have had to file Form 990 Schedule H with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to document their "Community Benefit" (CB) activities. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the evolution of hospitals' engagement with their communities and to examine how the policy enforced by the IRS has evolved.

Educating the Public Health Workforce: A Scoping Review.

The aim of this scoping review was to identify and characterize the recent literature pertaining to the education of the public health workforce worldwide. The importance of preparing a public health workforce with sufficient capacity and appropriate capabilities has been recognized by major organizations around the world (1). Champions for public health note that a suitably educated workforce is essential to the delivery of public health services, including emergency response to biological, manmade, and natural disasters, within countries and across the globe.

The peer-reviewed literature on undergraduate education for public health in the United States, 2004-2014.

The education of undergraduate college students in the field of public health has burgeoned over the past decade. Professional literature in peer-reviewed journals is one indicator of the status of a field of study and its related body of knowledge. It is also a mechanism for sharing information among professionals about challenges, issues, experiences, and best practices.

Analysis of the literature pertaining to the education of public health professionals.

A well-educated workforce is essential to the infrastructure of a public health system (1). At a time when global focus on public health is increasing, a severe shortage of public health professionals is projected (2). A strong educational framework is thus imperative to ensure the capacity and capability of the worldwide public health workforce for the future.

Public health as a distinct profession: has it arrived?

This article reviews the elements consistent with the definition of a "profession" in the contemporary United States and argues that public health should be considered a distinct profession, recognizing that it has a unique knowledge base and career paths independent of any other occupation or profession. The Welch-Rose Report of 1915 prescribed education for public health professionals and assumed that, although at first the majority of students would be drawn from other professions, such as medicine, nursing, and sanitary engineering, public health was on its way to becoming "a new profession." Nearly a century later, the field of public health has evolved dramatically in the direction predicted.

Long term care: an essential element of health administration education.

Long-term care represents a career opportunity of choice for many healthcare executives and an education essential for the comprehensive management responsibilities of many others. Yet formal educational programs for health administrators include little academic attention to long-term care. This paper reports on an examination of the curricula and courses of undergraduate health administration educational programs certified or recognized by the Association of University Programs in Health Administration (AUPHA) and graduate programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Health Management Education (CAHME).