An exposure assessment of 27 quaternary ammonium compounds in pet dogs and cats from New York State, USA.

Benzylalkyldimethylammonium (BACs), dialkyldimethylammonium (DDACs), and alkyltrimethylammonium compounds (ATMACs) are quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) used widely as biocides, disinfectants, and sanitizers. Owing to their toxicity, human exposure to this class of chemicals is a concern. Pet animals are sentinels of human exposure to several indoor environmental chemicals.

Concentrations of 45 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American River Otters () from West Virginia, USA.

North American river otters () are top predators in riverine ecosystems and are vulnerable to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure. Little is known about the magnitude of exposure and tissue distribution of PFAS in river otters. We measured 45 PFAS in various tissues of 42 river otters collected from several watersheds in the state of West Virginia, USA.

Occurrence of and dermal exposure to benzene, toluene and styrene found in hand sanitizers from the United States.

Human exposure to carcinogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as benzene, from hand sanitizers is a topic of current concern. In light of the heavy use of hand sanitizers during the COVID-19 pandemic, determination of exposure to toxicants present in these products deserves attention. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had set an interim limit for benzene in alcohol-based hand sanitizers at 2000 parts-per-billion (ppb).