Advanced Restriction Imaging and Reconstruction Technology for Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (ART-Pro): A Study Protocol for a Multicenter, Multinational Trial Evaluating Biparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Advanced, Quantitative Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Detection of Prostate Cancer.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is strongly recommended by current clinical guidelines for improved detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). However, the major limitations are the need for intravenous (IV) contrast and dependence on reader expertise. Efforts to address these issues include use of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) and advanced, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques.

Utility of quantitative measurement of T using restriction spectrum imaging for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.

The Restriction Spectrum Imaging restriction score (RSIrs) has been shown to improve the accuracy for diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) compared to standard DWI. Both diffusion and T properties of prostate tissue contribute to the signal measured in DWI, and studies have demonstrated that each may be valuable for distinguishing csPCa from benign tissue. The purpose of this retrospective study was to (1) determine whether prostate T varies across RSI compartments and in the presence of csPCa, and (2) evaluate whether csPCa detection with RSIrs is improved by acquiring multiple scans at different TEs to measure compartmental T (cT).

Associations of sexual orientation and state-level antidiscrimination policy protections with alcohol, tobacco, and mental health outcomes in a U.S. sample of adolescents and adults.

Introduction: Structural stigma has important health implications for sexual minority individuals, including alcohol and tobacco use, and mental health. This study examined associations of structural stigma with alcohol and tobacco use and internalizing symptoms while considering sexual identity changes and multiple dimensions of sexual orientation among adolescents and adults in the U.S.

Deep Learning Segmentation of Infiltrative and Enhancing Cellular Tumor at Pre- and Posttreatment Multishell Diffusion MRI of Glioblastoma.

Purpose To develop and validate a deep learning (DL) method to detect and segment enhancing and nonenhancing cellular tumor on pre- and posttreatment MRI scans in patients with glioblastoma and to predict overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 1397 MRI scans in 1297 patients with glioblastoma, including an internal set of 243 MRI scans (January 2010 to June 2022) for model training and cross-validation and four external test cohorts. Cellular tumor maps were segmented by two radiologists on the basis of imaging, clinical history, and pathologic findings.

Clinical Impact of Contouring Variability for Prostate Cancer Tumor Boost.

Purpose: The focal radiation therapy (RT) boost technique was shown in a phase III randomized controlled trial (RCT) to improve prostate cancer outcomes without increasing toxicity. This technique relies on the accurate delineation of prostate tumors on MRI. A recent prospective study evaluated radiation oncologists' accuracy when asked to delineate prostate tumors on MRI and demonstrated high variability in tumor contours.

Mice learn to identify and discriminate sugar solutions based on odor cues.

This study examined how olfaction impacts ingestive responses of mice to sugar solutions. Experiment 1 asked whether naïve C57BL/6 (B6) mice could identify 1 M glucose, fructose, or sucrose solutions based on odor cues, during a 30-min 2-bottle acceptability test. We tested mice both before and after they were rendered anosmic with ZnSO4 treatment.

Exercise-induced calf muscle hyperemia quantified with dynamic blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging.

Muscle hyperemia in exercise is usually the combined result of increased cardiac output and local muscle vasodilation, with the latter reflecting muscle's capacity for increased blood perfusion to support exercise. In this study, we aim to quantify muscle's vasodilation capability with dynamic BOLD imaging. A deoxyhemoglobin-kinetics model is proposed to analyze dynamic BOLD signals acquired during exercise recovery, deriving a hyperemia index (HI) for a muscle group of interest.

Quantitative MRI biomarker for classification of clinically significant prostate cancer: calibration for reproducibility across echo times.

Background: Restriction Spectrum Imaging restriction score (RSIrs) is a quantitative biomarker for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). However, the quantitative value of the RSIrs is affected by imaging parameters such as echo time (TE).

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to develop a calibration method to account for differences in echo times and facilitate use of RSIrs as a quantitative biomarker for the detection of csPCa.

ReIGNITE Radiation Therapy Boost: A Prospective, International Study of Radiation Oncologists' Accuracy in Contouring Prostate Tumors for Focal Radiation Therapy Boost on Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Alone or With Assistance of Restriction Spectrum Imaging.

Purpose: In a phase III randomized trial, adding a radiation boost to tumor(s) visible on MRI improved prostate cancer (PCa) disease-free and metastasis-free survival without additional toxicity. Radiation oncologists' ability to identify prostate tumors is critical to widely adopting intraprostatic tumor radiotherapy boost for patients. A diffusion MRI biomarker, called the Restriction Spectrum Imaging restriction score (RSIrs), has been shown to improve radiologists' identification of clinically significant PCa.

A Multicompartmental Diffusion Model for Improved Assessment of Whole-Body Diffusion-weighted Imaging Data and Evaluation of Prostate Cancer Bone Metastases.

Purpose To develop a multicompartmental signal model for whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apply it to study the diffusion properties of normal tissue and metastatic prostate cancer bone lesions in vivo. Materials and Methods This prospective study (: NCT03440554) included 139 men with prostate cancer (mean age, 70 years ± 9 [SD]). Multicompartmental models with two to four tissue compartments were fit to DWI data from whole-body scans to determine optimal compartmental diffusion coefficients.

Automated Patient-level Prostate Cancer Detection with Quantitative Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) improves detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), but the subjective Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) system and quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) are inconsistent. Restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) is an advanced diffusion-weighted MRI technique that yields a quantitative imaging biomarker for csPCa called the RSI restriction score (RSI).

Objective: To evaluate RSI for automated patient-level detection of csPCa.

Tri-Compartmental Restriction Spectrum Imaging Breast Model Distinguishes Malignant Lesions from Benign Lesions and Healthy Tissue on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging.

Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) offers a potential adjunct to dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to discriminate benign from malignant breast lesions by yielding quantitative information about tissue microstructure. Multi-component modeling of the DW-MRI signal over an extended -value range (up to 3000 s/mm) theoretically isolates the slowly diffusing (restricted) water component in tissues. Previously, a three-component restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) model demonstrated the ability to distinguish malignant lesions from healthy breast tissue.

Correcting B inhomogeneity-induced distortions in whole-body diffusion MRI of bone.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) of the musculoskeletal system has various applications, including visualization of bone tumors. However, DWI acquired with echo-planar imaging is susceptible to distortions due to static magnetic field inhomogeneities. This study aimed to estimate spatial displacements of bone and to examine whether distortion corrected DWI images more accurately reflect underlying anatomy.

Living With Both a Total Ankle Replacement and an Ankle Fusion: A Qualitative Study From the Patients' Perspective.

Background: Total ankle replacement (TAR) and ankle fusion are effective treatments for end-stage ankle arthritis. Comparative studies elucidate differences in treatment outcomes; however, the literature lacks evidence demonstrating what outcomes are important to patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate patients' experiences of living with both a TAR and ankle fusion.

Voxel-level Classification of Prostate Cancer on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Improving Accuracy Using Four-Compartment Restriction Spectrum Imaging.

Background: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is integral to detection of prostate cancer (PCa), but conventional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) cannot capture the complexity of prostate tissues and tends to yield noisy images that do not distinctly highlight cancer. A four-compartment restriction spectrum imaging (RSI ) model was recently found to optimally characterize pelvic diffusion signals, and the model coefficient for the slowest diffusion compartment, RSI -C , yielded greatest tumor conspicuity.

Purpose: To evaluate the slowest diffusion compartment of a four-compartment spectrum imaging model (RSI -C ) as a quantitative voxel-level classifier of PCa.

Discrimination of Breast Cancer from Healthy Breast Tissue Using a Three-component Diffusion-weighted MRI Model.

Purpose: Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) is a contrast-free modality that has demonstrated ability to discriminate between predefined benign and malignant breast lesions. However, how well DW-MRI discriminates cancer from all other breast tissue voxels in a clinical setting is unknown. Here we explore the voxelwise ability to distinguish cancer from healthy breast tissue using signal contributions from the newly developed three-component multi-b-value DW-MRI model.

Improved Characterization of Diffusion in Normal and Cancerous Prostate Tissue Through Optimization of Multicompartmental Signal Models.

Background: Multicompartmental modeling outperforms conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the assessment of prostate cancer. Optimized multicompartmental models could further improve the detection and characterization of prostate cancer.

Purpose: To optimize multicompartmental signal models and apply them to study diffusion in normal and cancerous prostate tissue in vivo.

Outcome of Distal Biceps Tendon Repair With and Without Concomitant Bicipital Aponeurosis Repair.

Background: The bicipital aponeurosis (BA) can often be torn concomitantly with a distal biceps tendon (DBT) rupture. Its repair, although recommended by some, has not commonly been addressed during the surgical management of DBT ruptures, and to date, surgical repair of the BA with DBT repair has not been evaluated clinically.

Purpose: To utilize subjective and objective outcome measures to examine the safety and efficacy of 2-incision DBT repair with and without repair of the BA in patients with a DBT rupture.