MARCKS Inhibition Alters Bovine Neutrophil Responses to Typhimurium.

Neutrophils are innate immune cells that respond quickly to sites of bacterial infection and play an essential role in host defense. Interestingly, some bacterial pathogens benefit from exuberant neutrophil inflammation. is one such pathogen that can utilize the toxic mediators released by neutrophils to colonize the intestine and cause enterocolitis.

Defining genetic diversity of rhesus macaque Fcγ receptors with long-read RNA sequencing.

Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) are membrane-bound glycoproteins that bind to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) constant regions of IgG antibodies. Interactions between IgG immune complexes and FcγRs can initiate signal transduction that mediates important components of the immune response including activation of immune cells for clearance of opsonized pathogens or infected host cells. In humans, many studies have identified associations between FcγR gene polymorphisms and risk of infection, or progression of disease, suggesting a gene-level impact on FcγR-dependent immune responses.

Multivariate analysis of FcR-mediated NK cell functions identifies unique clustering among humans and rhesus macaques.

Rhesus macaques (RMs) are a common pre-clinical model used to test HIV vaccine efficacy and passive immunization strategies. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent the Fc-Fc receptor (FcR) interactions impacting antiviral activities of antibodies in RMs recapitulate those in humans. Here, we evaluated the FcR-related functionality of natural killer cells (NKs) from peripheral blood of uninfected humans and RMs to identify intra- and inter-species variation.

A myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) inhibitor peptide attenuates neutrophil outside-in β-integrin activation and signaling.

MARCKS is an actin and PIP2-binding protein that plays an essential role in neutrophil migration and adhesion; however, the molecular details regarding MARCKS function in these processes remains unclear. Neutrophil adhesion and migration also require the cell surface receptors β-integrins. We hypothesized that MARCKS inhibition would alter neutrophil β-integrin activation and signaling.

Targeting Neutrophil β-Integrins: A Review of Relevant Resources, Tools, and Methods.

Neutrophils are important innate immune cells that respond during inflammation and infection. These migratory cells utilize β-integrin cell surface receptors to move out of the vasculature into inflamed tissues and to perform various anti-inflammatory responses. Although critical for fighting off infection, neutrophil responses can also become dysregulated and contribute to disease pathophysiology.

Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances suppress the neutrophil respiratory burst.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are used in a multitude of processes and products, including nonstick coatings, food wrappers, and fire-fighting foams. These chemicals are environmentally-persistent, ubiquitous, and can be detected in the serum of 98% of Americans. Despite evidence that PFASs alter adaptive immunity, few studies have investigated their effects on innate immunity.

Reduced Survival Outcome After Receiving a New Cancer Diagnosis in the Emergency Department: Findings from a Hospital Network in Rural Eastern North Carolina.

Purpose: Patients whose cancer was found during an Emergency Department (ED) visit often present at later stages when survival outcomes are worse. Limited research has characterized the survival experience of cancer patients who receive their diagnosis through the ED versus those who do not.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study identified all patients presenting to the ED between 2014 and 2015 in a rural, regional hospital system with a visit or resulting admission associated with an oncologic ICD-9 code.

Gender representation within radiology conferences in the UK in 2021.

Aim: To examine the gender representation and equality within academic meetings and society conferences within the UK radiology conferences.

Materials And Methods: UK-based subspecialty radiology meetings organised by major radiological associations and societies (online and in-person) from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021 were included. Speakers and chairs were documented with reference to their gender, years on General Medical Council (GMC) register, academic publications, and h-index.

Functional Homology for Antibody-Dependent Phagocytosis Across Humans and Rhesus Macaques.

Analyses of human clinical HIV-1 vaccine trials and preclinical vaccine studies performed in rhesus macaque (RM) models have identified associations between non-neutralizing Fc Receptor (FcR)-dependent antibody effector functions and reduced risk of infection. Specifically, antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADP) has emerged as a common correlate of reduced infection risk in multiple RM studies and the human HVTN505 trial. This recurrent finding suggests that antibody responses with the capability to mediate ADP are most likely a desirable component of vaccine responses aimed at protecting against HIV-1 acquisition.

The effect of intrinsic crumpling on the mechanics of free-standing graphene.

Free-standing graphene is inherently crumpled in the out-of-plane direction due to dynamic flexural phonons and static wrinkling. We explore the consequences of this crumpling on the effective mechanical constants of graphene. We develop a sensitive experimental approach to probe stretching of graphene membranes under low applied stress at cryogenic to room temperatures.

Bandgap engineering of strained monolayer and bilayer MoS2.

We report the influence of uniaxial tensile mechanical strain in the range 0-2.2% on the phonon spectra and bandstructures of monolayer and bilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) two-dimensional crystals. First, we employ Raman spectroscopy to observe phonon softening with increased strain, breaking the degeneracy in the E' Raman mode of MoS2, and extract a Grüneisen parameter of ~1.

High-field electrical and thermal transport in suspended graphene.

We study the intrinsic transport properties of suspended graphene devices at high fields (≥1 V/μm) and high temperatures (≥1000 K). Across 15 samples, we find peak (average) saturation velocity of 3.6 × 10(7) cm/s (1.

Scaling parallel dielectrophoresis of carbon nanotubes: an enabling geometry.

Dielectrophoresis has been used as a technique for the parallel localization and alignment of both semiconducting and metallic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at junctions between electrodes. A variation of this technique known as floating potential dielectrophoresis (FPD) allows for a self-limiting number of CNTs to be localized at each junction, on a massively parallel scale. However, the smallest FPD geometries to date are restricted to conductive substrates and have a lower limit on floating electrode size.

Graphene bimetallic-like cantilevers: probing graphene/substrate interactions.

The remarkable mechanical properties of graphene, the thinnest, lightest, and strongest material in existence, are desirable in applications ranging from composite materials to sensors and actuators. Here, we demonstrate that these mechanical properties are strongly affected by the interaction with the substrate onto which graphene is deposited. By measuring the temperature-dependent deflection of graphene/substrate "bimetallic" cantilevers we determine strain, thermal expansion coefficient, and the adhesion force acting on graphene films attached to a substrate.

Self-assembly of a triangle-shaped, hexaplatinum-incorporated, supramolecular amphiphile in solution and at interfaces.

The self-assembly and characterization of a novel supramolecular amphiphile built from a new 60 degree amphiphilic precursor that incorporates hydrophilic platinum(II) metals and hydrophobic dioctadecyloxy chains is reported. The amphiphilic macrocycle and its precursor compound have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, ESI-MS, and other standard techniques. The coacervate morphology of the amphiphile at the liquid-liquid interface has been studied by using confocal optical microscopy and in situ Raman spectroscopy.

Giant micelles of organoplatinum(II) gemini amphiphiles.

Organoplatinum(II) gemini amphiphiles with two different chain lengths are synthesized and characterized. Self-assembly at the air-water interface is investigated as a function of chain length and reduction in surface area by using Langmuir-trough techniques. The Langmuir-trough experiments lead to a conjecture that surface aggregates may be the adsorbing units.

Clinical and histologic findings of the dentition in a hypopituitary patient: report of case.

Idiopathic hypopituitarism is associated with delayed dental eruption as well as delayed growth of the dentofacial complex. Both maxillary and (especially) mandibular growth can be affected. The clinical dental findings and histologic findings related to enamel maturation in the permanent dentition of a teenaged male with a hypopituitary condition are described.

Survival of DNA-injected cow embryos temporarily cultured in rabbit oviducts.

Holstein or Angus cows were superovulated, inseminated with fresh bull semen, and necropsied about 12 h after estimated time of ovulation. Ova were centrifuged at 15,600 G for 3 to 8 min to reveal pronuclei. In Experiment 1, pronuclear bovine embryos were transferred to ligated or unligated oviducts of 1-d pseudopregnant rabbits for 7 d; 30 of 32 embryos were recovered from ligated oviducts but only 2 of 26 from oviducts and uterine horns of unligated oviducts.

Fertilization rates in superovulating cows after deposition of semen on the infundibulum, near the uterotubal junction or after insemination with high numbers of sperm.

Three experiments were conducted with 105 superovulating Holstein dairy cows in attempts to improve the fertilization rate. Cows were superovulated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and time of estrus was regulated with prostaglandin F(2)alpha (PGF(2)alpha). Semen was deposited on each infundibulum through a laparoscope inserted through the flank (Experiment 1) or near the uterotubal junctions through flexible tubing passed through the cervix and uterine horns (Experiment 2).

Inhibition of sperm transport and fertilization in superovulating ewes.

In Experiment 1, all ewes were treated with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH-P) to induce superovulation. Ewes came into natural estrus or were treated with prostaglandin F(2)alpha (PGF(2)alpha) or 6-methyl-17-acetoxyprogesterone (MAP) to regulate the time of estrus. The ewes were mated during estrus and necropsied 3 h after mating.

Effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha, phenylephrine and ergonovine on uterine contractions in the ewe.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), phenylephrine and ergonovine on uterine contractions. In the first experiment, ewes were bilaterally ovariectomized, and a strain gauge force transducer was sutured to the serosa of one uterine horn. Each ewe was treated sc with 2 micrograms of estradiol-17 beta daily to prevent regression of the uterus.

Estrus-related odors in milk detected by trained dogs.

Dogs trained to identify vaginal mucus samples and other fluids from estrous cows were used for further studies of estrus-related odors in milk. In the first experiment, milk was collected from 10 cows during estrus and luteal phase of the estrous cycle and tested in trials of 9 samples each; 1 or 2 of the samples were from estrous cows. Dogs responded to milk from estrous cows in 76% of the exposures to such samples with significant differences among cows and significant improvement by the dogs during the experiment.

Effect of acetylcholine, prostaglandin F2 alpha and estradiol on number of sperm in the reproductive tract of inseminated rabbits.

Acetylcholine, injected im into does immediately after natural mating, significantly increased the number of sperm recovered 1 h later from the vagina and cervices but not from the oviducts. Acetylcholine caused immediate increases in the frequency and amplitude of uterine contractions as measured by strain-gauge force transducers attached to the serosa and recorded by physiograph; contraction patterns returned to the preinjection pattern within 30 min. Administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha (.

Increased numbers of sperm in the oviducts and improved fertilization rates in rabbits after administration of phenylephrine or ergonovine near the time of insemination.

Phenylephrine, an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, was administered im to does near the time of mating or insemination. The treatment increased sperm numbers in the oviducts by about 50-fold and in the uterus by about 10-fold at 2 or 2.5 h after insemination.