The Ram Graft: Using One Complete Piece of Conchal Cartilage for Nasal Tip Reconstruction in East Asians.

Summary: Adequate nasal tip projection remains a challenge in aesthetic rhinoplasty for East Asians. Various surgical techniques have been developed to reshape the nasal tip using auricular cartilage. In this article, we introduce the new ram graft to increase nasal tip projection by using one complete piece of conchal cartilage.

Progressive kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and sirolimus-related severe thrombocytopenia.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma is a locally invasive tumor and we were unable to find any previous reports of multifocal progression. Sirolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, has been widely used to treat kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. Herein, we report a case of multifocal progressive kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, wherein sirolimus treatment caused severe thrombocytopenia.

Cable-Stayed Face Lift: An Innovative Short-Scar Lift for Better Correction of Nasolabial Folds in East Asians.

Background: The improvement of nasolabial folds by either lateral superficial musculoaponeurotic system rhytidectomy or minimal access cranial suspension lift alone is commonly performed, but patient satisfaction is often limited in East Asians. An innovative technique, termed the cable-stayed face lift, which combines the strengths of lateral superficial musculoaponeurotic system rhytidectomy and minimal access cranial suspension lift, was developed for improved results.

Methods: Between 2016 and 2019, 20 cable-stayed face lifts were performed in a single hospital.

Template Guiding for the Encapsulation of Uniformly Subnanometric Platinum Clusters in Beta-Zeolites Enabling High Catalytic Activity and Stability.

Subnanometric metal clusters have attracted extensive attention because of their unique properties as heterogeneous catalysts. However, it is challenging to obtain uniformly distributed metal clusters under synthesis and reaction conditions. Herein, we report a template-guidance protocol to synthesize subnanometric metal clusters uniformly encapsulated in beta-zeolite, with the metal ions anchored to the internal channels of the zeolite template via electrostatic interactions.

Reduction Malarplasty With Subperiosteal Lift Via a Single Limited Temporal Incision.

Introduction: Different from Western culture, prominent zygoma and rectangular facial contour are deemed as unaesthetic and masculine in Asians. To achieve an ideal oval facial shape, reduction malarplasty is often performed.

Methods: Twenty-two eligible patients who underwent reduction malarplasty between November 2008 and December 2018 were reviewed.

Effects of Crystallite Sizes of Pt/HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts on the Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol.

Herein, Pt/HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts with different crystallite sizes ranging from nanosheet (~2 nm) to bulk crystals (~1.5 μm) have been prepared for the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol, and their effects on the reaction pathway and product selectivity were explored. HZSM-5 zeolites prepared by seeding (Pt/Z-40: ~40 nm) or templating (Pt/NS-2: ~2 nm) fabricated intra-crystalline mesopores and thus enhanced the reaction rate by promoting the diffusion of various molecules, especially the bulky ones such as guaiacol and 2-methoxycyclohexanol, leading to a higher cyclohexane selectivity of up to 80 wt % (both for Pt/Z-40 and Pt/NS-2) compared to 70 wt % for bulky HZSM-5 (Pt/CZ: ~1.

Clinical Course of Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformations.

Purpose: Despite many advances in the knowledge of vascular malformations, extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remain an enigma and are usually misdiagnosed and mismanaged due to their associated rare morbidity. This study aimed to describe the clinical course and emphasize the progressive nature of AVMs through a retrospective study of 446 patients.

Methods: Patients with cutaneous and soft-tissue AVMs presenting to our Vascular Anomalies Center between March 2011 and March 2017 were reviewed.

A Simple Combination Approach for Costal Cartilage Augmentation Rhinoplasty.

Autologous costal cartilage graft is optimal for augmentation rhinoplasty but with complications including markedly visible graft margins and dorsal contour irregularities. Therefore, the authors introduced the diced costal cartilage graft to smoothen the margins of bilateral spreader graft for nasal dorsum augmentation. A total of 6 patients were recruited for this augmentation rhinoplasty.

Forehead deformities after tissue expansion: Retrospective analysis and recommendations.

Background: Tissue expanders can lead to bone deformity as well as bone resorption. Not all changes in the cranial bone can be completely normalised after tissue expander extraction. This study aimed to investigate the potential factors for persistent forehead deformities after tissue expansion.

Extracranial arteriovenous malformations: from bedside to bench.

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is defined as a fast-flow vascular anomaly that shunts blood from arteries directly to veins. This short circuit of blood flow contributes to progressive expansion of draining veins, resulting in ischaemia, tissue deformation and in some severe cases, congestive heart failure. Various medical interventions have been employed to treat AVM, however, management of which remains a huge challenge because of its high recurrence rate and lethal complications.

A 7-year follow-up study on untreated deep or mixed facial infantile hemangioma in East-Asian patients: When propranolol was not yet an option.

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a type of benign tumor that develops during infancy and spontaneously involutes after 1 year of age. Before the introduction of propranolol in 2008, some patients with IH were instructed to wait for the involution without treatment. This long-term follow-up study was conducted to assess the prognosis of East-Asian children with untreated deep or mixed facial IH.

A Simple Approach for the Repair of Intermediate-to-Large Cheek Defects.

Background: Surgical management of cheek congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) remains a huge challenge because of undesirable defects in repair. The use of direct closure is often limited to defect reconstruction with a diameter less than 4 cm.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of direct vertical closure combined with extensive subcutaneous tissue undermining boundaries for intermediate-to-large cheek defects.

Midterm and long-term results of ethanol embolization of auricular arteriovenous malformations as first-line therapy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the midterm and long-term results of patients with auricular arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated by ethanol embolization.

Methods: Medical records of 35 patients (20 male, 15 female; age range, 10-59 years) with auricular AVMs between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. The short-term results of 4 of the 35 patients were reported in 2009.

A Case Report of 2 Sirolimus-Related Deaths Among Infants With Kaposiform Hemangioendotheliomas.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare infiltrative vascular tumor that is potentially life-threatening when presenting with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP). KMP is clinically characterized as severe thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia and therefore is associated with a high mortality rate. There is no standard of cure for KHE currently.

Laminar Flow Attenuates Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Expression in Endothelial Cells.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a non-canonical cytokine that is involved in multiple inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. High MIF expression found in leukocytes which facilitates the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. However, little is known about biomechanical forces in the induction of MIF in endothelial cells (ECs).

Treatment of Early-stage Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformations with Intralesional Interstitial Bleomycin Injection: A Pilot Study.

Purpose To assess the efficacy and safety of intralesional interstitial bleomycin injection in the treatment of early-stage (Schobinger stage I or II) extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Materials and Methods This prospective study involved 34 patients with early-stage AVMs, as defined by the Schobinger staging system. The patients received intralesional interstitial bleomycin injected at a maximum dose of 15 000 IU or 1000 IU per kilogram of body weight for children who weighed less than 15 kg per procedure for a total of 6 months (once every month).

TFEB inhibits endothelial cell inflammation and reduces atherosclerosis.

Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of autophagy and lysosome biogenesis. We investigated the function of TFEB in vascular biology and pathophysiology and demonstrated that TFEB in endothelial cells inhibited inflammation and reduced atherosclerosis development. Laminar shear stress, which protects against atherosclerosis, increased TFEB abundance in cultured primary human endothelial cells.

Deep transcriptomic profiling reveals the similarity between endothelial cells cultured under static and oscillatory shear stress conditions.

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease that preferentially develops in specific regions in the arterial tree. This characteristic is mainly attributed to the unique pattern of hemodynamic shear stress in vivo. High laminar shear stress (LS) found in straight lumen exerts athero-protective effects.

Cardiomyocyte Overexpression of FABP4 Aggravates Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Hypertrophy.

Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a member of the intracellular lipid-binding protein family, responsible for the transportation of fatty acids. It is considered to express mainly in adipose tissues, and be strongly associated with inflammation, obesity, diabetes and cardiovasculardiseases. Here we report that FABP4 is also expressed in cardiomyocytes and plays an important role in regulating heart function under pressure overload.

Risk factors associated with lung retransplantation: evaluation of a nationwide registry over a quarter century.

Background: The relative paucity of donors heightens the debate and scrutiny surrounding retransplantation. To date, risk factors associated with retransplantation are poorly characterized in the literature. We sought to identify those risk factors that may independently serve to predict lung retransplantation.

The pH-controlled morphology transition of polyaniline from nanofibers to nanospheres.

To explore the dependences of polyaniline (PANI) morphology on the oxidant and the initial pH value (referred to as 'pH-initial') of the reaction system, a series of oxidative polymerization experiments on aniline using chloroaurate acid (HAuCl4) as the oxidant are carried out in aqueous solutions with different values of pH-initial. The smooth morphology transition of PANI nanostructures from nanofibers to solid and hollow nanospheres can be controlled by simply changing pH-initial for the reaction solution using HAuCl4 as the oxidant. In aqueous solutions with different values of pH-initial, the anilinium ions and neutral aniline molecules coexist in different proportions, leading to different PANI nanostructures under different nucleation mechanisms.

Differential changes of aorta and carotid vasodilation in type 2 diabetic GK and OLETF rats: paradoxical roles of hyperglycemia and insulin.

We investigated large vessel function in lean Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rats (GK) and Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty diabetic rats (OLETF) with possible roles of hyperglycemia/hyperosmolarity and insulin. Both young and old GK showed marked hyperglycemia with normal insulin level and well-preserved endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation in aorta and carotid artery. There were significant elevations in endothelial/inducible nitric oxide synthase (eNOS/iNOS) and inducible/constitutive heme oxygenase (HO-1/HO-2) in GK.