Hollow TiO modified reduced graphene oxide microspheres encapsulating hemoglobin for a mediator-free biosensor.

Hollow TiO modified reduced graphene oxide microspheres (hollow TiO-rGO microspheres or H-TiO-rGO MS) have been synthesized and then be used to immobilize hemoglobin (Hb) to fabricate a mediator-free biosensor. The morphology and structure of hollow TiO-rGO microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results of spectroscopy and electrochemistry tests revealed that hollow TiO-rGO microsphere is an excellent immobilization matrix with biocompatibility for redox protein, affording good protein bioactivity and stability.

A novel biosensor based on the direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase immobilized in the three-dimensional flower-like Bi2WO6 microspheres.

Three-dimensional flower-like Bi2WO6 microspheres (3D-Bi2WO6 MSs) have been synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method. The morphology and structure of 3D-Bi2WO6 MSs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The 3D-Bi2WO6 MSs subsequently were used to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and fabricate a mediator-free biosensor for the detection of H2O2.

A novel nitrite biosensor based on the direct electron transfer hemoglobin immobilized in the WO3 nanowires with high length-diameter ratio.

WO3 nanowires (WO3NWs) with high length-diameter ratio have been synthesized through a simple synthetic route without any additive and then used to immobilize hemoglobin (Hb) to fabricate a mediator-free biosensor. The morphology and structure of WO3NWs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Spectroscopic and electrochemical results revealed that WO3NWs are an excellent immobilization matrix with biocompatibility for redox protein, affording good protein bioactivity and stability.