Publications by authors named "Congyu Liao"

Purpose: BUDA-cEPI has been shown to achieve high-quality, high-resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) with fast acquisition time, particularly when used in conjunction with S-LORAKS reconstruction. However, this comes at a cost of more complex reconstruction that is computationally prohibitive. In this work we develop rapid reconstruction pipeline for BUDA-cEPI to pave the way for its deployment in routine clinical and neuroscientific applications.

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Article Synopsis
  • MRI is a crucial diagnostic tool, but long scanning times can negatively impact patient comfort and image quality during various scan types.
  • Recent advancements in MRI acceleration involve innovative techniques like algorithm unrolling, enhancement methods, and generative models, which help improve scanning efficiency and outcomes.
  • The review highlights the integration of data with physics-based models and addresses challenges like image redundancy and model generalization, proposing future research directions focusing on data harmonization and federated learning for better MRI reconstruction.
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In modern magnetic resonance imaging, it is common to use phase constraints to reduce sampling requirements along Fourier-encoded spatial dimensions. In this work, we investigate whether phase constraints might also be beneficial to reduce sampling requirements along spatial dimensions that are measured using non-Fourier encoding techniques, with direct relevance to approaches that use tailored spatially-selective radiofrequency (RF) pulses to perform spatial encoding along the slice dimension in a 3D imaging experiment. In the first part of the paper, we use the Cramér-Rao lower bound to examine the potential estimation theoretic benefits of using phase constraints.

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Purpose: To develop a 3D spherical EPTI (sEPTI) acquisition and a comprehensive reconstruction pipeline for rapid high-quality whole-brain submillimeter and QSM quantification.

Methods: For the sEPTI acquisition, spherical k-space coverage is utilized with variable echo-spacing and maximum k ramp-sampling to improve efficiency and signal incoherency compared to existing EPTI approaches. For reconstruction, an iterative rank-shrinking B estimation and odd-even high-order phase correction algorithms were incorporated into the reconstruction to better mitigate artifacts from field imperfections.

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Accelerated MRI protocols routinely involve a predefined sampling pattern that undersamples the k-space. Finding an optimal pattern can enhance the reconstruction quality, however this optimization is a challenging task. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel deep learning framework, AutoSamp, based on variational information maximization that enables joint optimization of sampling pattern and reconstruction of MRI scans.

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Developmental cognitive neuroscience aims to shed light on evolving relationships between brain structure and cognitive development. To this end, quantitative methods that reliably measure individual differences in brain tissue properties are fundamental. Standard qualitative MRI sequences are influenced by scan parameters and hardware-related biases, and also lack physical units, making the analysis of individual differences problematic.

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Object: To review recent advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing the efficiency and throughput of the MRI acquisition workflow in neuroimaging, including planning, sequence design, and correction of acquisition artifacts.

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive analysis was conducted on recent AI-based methods in neuro MRI acquisition. The study focused on key technological advances, their impact on clinical practice, and potential risks associated with these methods.

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Purpose: Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) is a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method used to quantify perfusion properties of tissue non-invasively without contrast. However, clinical applications are limited by unreliable parameter estimates, particularly for the perfusion fraction (f) and pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*). This study aims to develop a high-fidelity reconstruction for reliable estimation of IVIM parameters.

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Detailed knowledge of the brain's nerve fiber network is crucial for understanding its function in health and disease. However, mapping fibers with high resolution remains prohibitive in most histological sections because state-of-the-art techniques are incompatible with their preparation. Here, we present a micron-resolution light-scattering-based technique that reveals intricate fiber networks independent of sample preparation for extended fields of view.

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Purpose: To reduce the inter-scanner variability of diffusion MRI (dMRI) measures between scanners from different vendors by developing a vendor-neutral dMRI pulse sequence using the open-source vendor-agnostic Pulseq platform.

Methods: We implemented a standard EPI based dMRI sequence in Pulseq. We tested it on two clinical scanners from different vendors (Siemens Prisma and GE Premier), systematically evaluating and comparing the within- and inter-scanner variability across the vendors, using both the vendor-provided and Pulseq dMRI sequences.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study created a new MRI method to measure important brain qualities quickly and clearly.
  • They used a special technique called 3D ViSTa-MRF to take pictures of the whole brain without needing to make any assumptions that could mess up the results.
  • The results showed that this new method is faster and gives better quality images, helping scientists understand how the brain develops, especially in infants.
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Purpose: To develop a framework that jointly estimates rigid motion and polarizing magnetic field (B ) perturbations ( ) for brain MRI using a single navigator of a few milliseconds in duration, and to additionally allow for navigator acquisition at arbitrary timings within any type of sequence to obtain high-temporal resolution estimates.

Theory And Methods: Methods exist that match navigator data to a low-resolution single-contrast image (scout) to estimate either motion or . In this work, called QUEEN (QUantitatively Enhanced parameter Estimation from Navigators), we propose combined motion and estimation from a fast, tailored trajectory with arbitrary-contrast navigator data.

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Purpose: This study aims to develop a high-resolution whole-brain multi-parametric quantitative MRI approach for simultaneous mapping of myelin-water fraction (MWF), T, T, and proton-density (PD), all within a clinically feasible scan time.

Methods: We developed 3D visualization of short transverse relaxation time component (ViSTa)-MRF, which combined ViSTa technique with MR fingerprinting (MRF), to achieve high-fidelity whole-brain MWF and T/T/PD mapping on a clinical 3T scanner. To achieve fast acquisition and memory-efficient reconstruction, the ViSTa-MRF sequence leverages an optimized 3D tiny-golden-angle-shuffling spiral-projection acquisition and joint spatial-temporal subspace reconstruction with optimized preconditioning algorithm.

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To increase granularity in human neuroimaging science, we designed and built a next-generation 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner to reach ultra-high resolution by implementing several advances in hardware. To improve spatial encoding and increase the image signal-to-noise ratio, we developed a head-only asymmetric gradient coil (200 mT m, 900 T ms) with an additional third layer of windings. We integrated a 128-channel receiver system with 64- and 96-channel receiver coil arrays to boost signal in the cerebral cortex while reducing g-factor noise to enable higher accelerations.

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Purpose: This study aims to develop a high-efficiency and high-resolution 3D imaging approach for simultaneous mapping of multiple key tissue parameters for routine brain imaging, including T , T , proton density (PD), ADC, and fractional anisotropy (FA). The proposed method is intended for pushing routine clinical brain imaging from weighted imaging to quantitative imaging and can also be particularly useful for diffusion-relaxometry studies, which typically suffer from lengthy acquisition time.

Methods: To address challenges associated with diffusion weighting, such as shot-to-shot phase variation and low SNR, we integrated several innovative data acquisition and reconstruction techniques.

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Purpose: To develop a high-fidelity diffusion MRI acquisition and reconstruction framework with reduced echo-train-length for less T* image blurring compared to typical highly accelerated echo-planar imaging (EPI) acquisitions at sub-millimeter isotropic resolution.

Methods: We first proposed a circular-EPI trajectory with partial Fourier sampling on both the readout and phase-encoding directions to minimize the echo-train-length and echo time. We then utilized this trajectory in an interleaved two-shot EPI acquisition with reversed phase-encoding polarity, to aid in the correction of off-resonance-induced image distortions and provide complementary k-space coverage in the missing partial Fourier regions.

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Introduction: Spatio-temporal MRI methods enable whole-brain multi-parametric mapping at ultra-fast acquisition times through efficient k-space encoding, but can have very long reconstruction times, which limit their integration into clinical practice. Deep learning (DL) is a promising approach to accelerate reconstruction, but can be computationally intensive to train and deploy due to the large dimensionality of spatio-temporal MRI. DL methods also need large training data sets and can produce results that don't match the acquired data if data consistency is not enforced.

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The Shinnar-Le-Roux (SLR) algorithm is widely used to design frequency selective pulses with large flip angles. We improve its design process to generate pulses with lower energy (by as much as 26%) and more accurate phase profiles. Concretely, the SLR algorithm consists of two steps: (1) an invertible transform between frequency selective pulses and polynomial pairs that represent Cayley-Klein (CK) parameters and (2) the design of the CK polynomial pair to match the desired magnetization profiles.

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Purpose: This work aims to develop a novel distortion-free 3D-EPI acquisition and image reconstruction technique for fast and robust, high-resolution, whole-brain imaging as well as quantitative mapping.

Methods: 3D Blip-up and -down acquisition (3D-BUDA) sequence is designed for both single- and multi-echo 3D gradient recalled echo (GRE)-EPI imaging using multiple shots with blip-up and -down readouts to encode B field map information. Complementary k-space coverage is achieved using controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI) sampling across the shots.

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Quantitative assessment of brain myelination has gained attention for both research and diagnosis of neurological diseases. However, conventional pulse sequences cannot directly acquire the myelin-proton signals due to its extremely short T2 and T2* values. To obtain the myelin-proton signals, dedicated short T2 acquisition techniques, such as ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging, have been introduced.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Wave-encoded acquisition techniques, called Wave-EPI, improve the performance of echo-planar imaging (EPI) by using sinusoidal gradients to better manage aliasing and enhance the sensitivity of 3D MRI coils
  • - By incorporating "half-cycle" sinusoidal gradients and extending the method to multi-shot acquisition, Wave-EPI effectively minimizes image distortions and blurriness, while addressing potential gradient inaccuracies through customized calibration techniques
  • - The results show that Wave-EPI significantly enhances brain imaging quality by providing high acceleration factors with reduced artifacts compared to traditional methods, potentially benefiting both clinical practice and neuroscience research
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Article Synopsis
  • The study presents a new imaging technique called BUDA-SAGE, which efficiently captures high-resolution T, T*, and QSM maps across the entire brain in a short time.
  • This method uses innovative imaging strategies, including alternating phase-encoding, structured low-rank constraints, and self-supervised neural networks to enhance image quality and reduce noise.
  • Results from in vivo tests show that BUDA-SAGE achieves distortion-free images and comparable quantitative mapping accuracy to traditional methods, all within 90 seconds at 1 mm resolution.
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Purpose: To improve image quality and accelerate the acquisition of 3D MR fingerprinting (MRF).

Methods: Building on the multi-axis spiral-projection MRF technique, a subspace reconstruction with locally low-rank constraint and a modified spiral-projection spatiotemporal encoding scheme called tiny golden-angle shuffling were implemented for rapid whole-brain high-resolution quantitative mapping. Reconstruction parameters such as the locally low-rank regularization parameter and the subspace rank were tuned using retrospective in vivo data and simulated examinations.

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