Intermittent theta-burst stimulation improves motor function by inhibiting neuronal pyroptosis and regulating microglial polarization via TLR4/NFκB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in cerebral ischemic mice.

Background: Neuronal pyroptosis and neuroinflammation with excess microglial activation are widely involved in the early pathological process of ischemic stroke. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), as a non-invasive neuromodulatory technique, has recently been reported to be anti-inflammatory and regulate microglial function. However, few studies have elucidated the role and mechanism of rTMS underlying regulating neuronal pyroptosis and microglial polarization.

High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Physical Function, Prevents Muscle Loss, and Modulates Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in Skeletal Muscle of Cerebral Ischemic Mice.

Although skeletal muscle is the main effector organ largely accounting for disability after stroke, considerably less attention is paid to the secondary abnormalities of stroke-related skeletal muscle loss. It is necessary to explore the mechanism of muscle atrophy after stroke and further develop effective rehabilitation strategy. Here, we evaluated the effects of high-intensity interval (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity aerobic training (MOD) on physical function, muscle mass, and stroke-related gene expression profile of skeletal muscle.

Long-term radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy for neurogenic heterotopic ossification after spinal cord injury: A case report.

Heterotopic ossification is characterized by abnormal growth of bone in soft tissues. Neurogenic heterotopic ossification is also closely related to central nervous system injuries and has been reported to respond to radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy. In this case, a radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (five times per week, lasted for almost one year) was applied to a patient with neurogenic heterotopic ossification on the left hip as a result of spinal cord injury.

Environmental enrichment enhances post-ischemic cerebral blood flow and functional hyperemia in the ipsilesional somatosensory cortex.

Environmental enrichment has been reported to promote functional recovery in an ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental enrichment treatment on post-ischemic cerebral blood flow and functional hyperemia in the ipsilesional primary somatosensory cortex of rats.

An enriched environment increases the expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the cerebral cortex of the ischemic mouse brain.

Many studies have shown that fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FDNC5) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play vital roles in plasticity after brain injury. An enriched environment refers to an environment that provides animals with multi-sensory stimulation and movement opportunities. An enriched environment has been shown to promote the regeneration of nerve cells, synapses, and blood vessels in the animal brain after cerebral ischemia; however, the exact mechanisms have not been clarified.

Changes in Mitochondria-Associated Protein Expression and Mitochondrial Function in Response to 2 Weeks of Enriched Environment Training After Cerebral Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury.

An enriched environment (EE) can stimulate the recovery of neurological function following a cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury; however, the impact of EE's on mitochondrial function has been insufficiently studied. Our research aimed to assess whether EE's therapeutic impact involved the enhancement of mitochondrial dysfunction. Following 2 weeks of EE training, we tested both mitochondrial function and mitochondria-associated protein expression within the cerebral cortex following cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury.

Enriched Environment Elicits Proangiogenic Mechanisms After Focal Cerebral Ischemia.

Brain has limited capacity for spontaneous recovery of lost function after stroke. Exposure to enriched environment (EE) can facilitate functional recovery, but mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. Here, we used a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to investigate the impact of EE on angiogenesis in the post-ischemic brain in adult male Sprague Dawley rats, and examined whether blood-borne factors may contribute.

Apoptotic cell characteristics of rat brain microvascular endothelia induced by different degrees of hypoperfusion.

Hypoperfusion is one of the common causes of ischemic stroke. In this study, decreased blood perfusion and neurological damage were confirmed in ischemic rats. Further, the effect of different perfusion was researched in vivo.

Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Motor Functions and Self-Care Ability in Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Objectives: To observe the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in improving motor functions and self-care abilities in children with cerebral palsy in their early childhood.

Design: A preliminary, prospective, cohort study.

Settings/location: Multicenter.

Enriched Environment Enhances Poststroke Neurological Function Recovery on Rat: Involvement of p-ERK1/2.

Background: Increasing evidence shows that exposure to an enriched environment (EE) after cerebral ischemia or reperfusion injury is neuroprotective in animal models, including that EE enhances functional recovery after ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. To clarify this critical issue, the current study investigated the effects of EE on the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) after cerebral ischemia or reperfusion injury of rat.

Autophagy suppression by exercise pretreatment and p38 inhibition is neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia.

Autophagy is a degradative mechanism for cellular proteins and organelles, but its role in the nervous system is still not clear. In the present study, we found that exercise pretreatment and p38 inhibition had influence on autophagic process after cerebral ischemia, contributing to their neuroprotective effects. We examined the levels of p62 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 as an autophagic marker and cell-survival marker respectively after cerebral ischemic injury.

Long-term three-stage rehabilitation intervention alleviates spasticity of the elbows, fingers, and plantar flexors and improves activities of daily living in ischemic stroke patients: a randomized, controlled trial.

To investigate the effects of rehabilitation interventions on spasticity and activities of daily living (ADL) in ischemic stroke patients. A total of 165 ischemic stroke patients were recruited and assigned randomly to a control group (CG, n=82) or a therapeutic group (TG, n=83). Rehabilitation interventions were performed in the TG.

A prospective, randomized, single-blinded trial on the effect of early rehabilitation on daily activities and motor function of patients with hemorrhagic stroke.

To investigate whether early rehabilitation has a positive impact on the recovery of the activities of daily living and motor function after intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke, 364 patients with hemorrhagic stroke were selected and randomly divided into a rehabilitation group and a control group. The rehabilitation group underwent a standardized, three-stage rehabilitation program. The control group was treated with standard hospital ward, internal medical intervention.

[Effects of standardized three-stage rehabilitation on recovery of neurological function in stroke patients with hemiplegia].

Objective: To explore the effects of standardized three stages' rehabilitation on the neurological function in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Methods: All 52 patients firstly are brought into two blocks: primary cerebral infarction and primary cerebral hemorrhage then are divided into treated group and controlled group randomly. Patients in the treated group are given Standardized Three Stages' Rehabilitation, while those in the controlled group are only given normal internal medicine treatments that are the same as the treated group but without Standardized Three Stages' Rehabilitation.