Metal-organic framework nanoparticles activate cGAS-STING pathway to improve radiotherapy sensitivity.

Tumor immunotherapy aims to harness the immune system to identify and eliminate cancer cells. However, its full potential is hindered by the immunosuppressive nature of tumors. Radiotherapy remains a key treatment modality for local tumor control and immunomodulation within the tumor microenvironment.

Multifaceted environmental factors linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: an environment-wide association study.

Background: Environmental factors, or exposome, are non-negligible contributors to the occurrence and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Therefore, this environment-wide association study (EWAS) aimed to investigate the associations between multifarious environmental factors and MAFLD among the general adult population in the United States.

Methods: Eligible participants were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2020 cycles.

Skin complications between totally implantable venous port and peripherally inserted central catheter in patients with head and neck cancer who received cetuximab-based therapy.

Objectives: Cetuximab-based therapy is prone to develop skin complications. Our study aims to identify the impact on the central venous access by cetuximab-based therapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods: We conducted a single center retrospective study to explore the prevalence and type of skin complications between totally implantable venous port (TIVP) implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of the anterior chest wall and peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) for patients with HNSCC who received cetuximab-based therapy.

Numerical simulation on the pressure distribution of hydraulic jet perforation tunnel in natural gas hydrate reservoirs.

Hydrajet fracturing could be a promising technique for increasing hydrate production; however, the pressure distribution law inside the perforation tunnel must first be investigated. This study established a two-dimensional axisymmetric model of the submerged water jet, employing the shear-stress transport k - ω turbulence model, to analyze the pressure distribution. The study examines the impact of various factors on pressure distribution, including well completion, perforation tunnel root diameter, hole diameter on the casing wall, nozzle diameter, nozzle pressure drop, confining pressure, and jet distance.

mGluR5-mediated astrocytes hyperactivity in the anterior cingulate cortex contributes to neuropathic pain in male mice.

Astrocytes regulate synaptic transmission in healthy and pathological conditions, but their involvement in modulating synaptic transmission in chronic pain is unknown. Our study demonstrates that astrocytes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) exhibit abnormal calcium signals and induce the release of glutamate in male mice. This leads to an elevation in extracellular glutamate concentration, activation of presynaptic kainate receptors, and an increase in synaptic transmission following neuropathic pain.

Advanced predictive machine and deep learning models for round-ended CFST column.

Confined columns, such as round-ended concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns, are integral to modern infrastructure due to their high load-bearing capacity and structural efficiency. The primary objective of this study is to develop accurate, data-driven approaches for predicting the axial load-carrying capacity (P​) of these columns and to benchmark their performance against existing analytical solutions. Using an extensive dataset of 200 CFST stub column tests, this research evaluates three machine learning (ML) models - LightGBM, XGBoost, and CatBoost - and three deep learning (DL) models - Deep Neural Network (DNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM).

Experimental study of spontaneous imbibition from coal based on nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation spectroscopy.

Understanding the spontaneous water imbibition mechanism in coal of varying ranks has substantial implications for hydraulic operations and the safe, efficient extraction of coalbed methane. During spontaneous imbibition, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were used to test the T spectra and imaging (MRI) of coal samples, enabling the determination of water signal distribution in the samples at different time intervals. By combining this with the pore structure, we explored the water migration characteristics of the coal samples during spontaneous imbibition from a microscopic perspective.

Investigation on the formation of two dimensional perovskite nanostructures at the water surface through self initiated reaction.

The emerging class of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) has exhibited fascinating properties for a wide range of technological applications. With halide ions, HOIPs have provided novel optoelectronic devices including efficient solar cells and with pseudohalide anions-like formate (HCOO), enigmatic electromagnetic properties have been obtained in HOIPs. Large-scale synthesis of such 2D HOIP films is of immense importance for the advancement of its application as solar materials.

Tubular CD44 plays a key role in aggravating AKI through NF-κB p65-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is in rapid prevalence nowadays. Of note, the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified. Several reports showed a cluster of differentiation-44 (CD44), a cell-surface glycoprotein, might be involved in AKI.

Lactylation in cancer: metabolic mechanism and therapeutic strategies.

Recent progress in cancer metabolism research has identified lactylation as a critical post-translational modification influencing tumor development and progression. The process relies on lactate accumulation and the activation of lactate-sensitive acyltransferases. Beyond its role in epigenetic regulation, lactylation has emerged as a significant factor in tumor metabolism and evolution, offering fresh opportunities for developing targeted therapies that transcend traditional approaches.

Ionizable Lipids with Branched Linkers Enhance the Delivery of mRNA Vaccines.

The emergence of mRNA vaccines has heralded an epoch in disease prevention and treatment. Safe and efficient mRNA delivery systems are highly desired for the widespread application of mRNA therapeutics. Herein, we have designed a facile synthetic pathway for producing ionizable lipids featuring various branched linkers.

[Analysis of influencing factors on postoperative olfactory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps].

To analyze the recovery of olfactory function in patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) after endoscopic sinus surgery and to identify factors influencing recovery to provide a theoretical foundation for taking effective measures. This was a retrospective analysis included 277 CRSwNP patients with olfactory dysfunction who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from October 2021 to September 2023. This study included 189 males and 88 females, with a median age of 46 years (range: 18-84 years).

Corticosteroid premedication on anti-tumor effect of immune checkpoint blockade in murine hepatocellular carcinoma models.

Background And Aims: Corticosteroid is effective in alleviating immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, prophylactic use of corticosteroid to prevent irAEs is not recommended due to a looming concern that it may attenuate anti-tumor effect of ICB. This study aims to investigate whether corticosteroid premedication may compromise anti-tumor efficacy of dual ICB, a regimen that may cause significant irAEs.

Improved U-Net based on ResNet and SE-Net with dual attention mechanism for glottis semantic segmentation.

In previous tasks of glottis image segmentation, the position attention mechanism was rarely incorporated, neglecting the detailed information in glottis position detection. Aiming to improve the U-Net architecture, this study introduces the dual attention mechanism based on the squeeze and excitation (SE)-Net model. This mechanism can integrate traditional channel attention with position attention mechanisms to effectively adjust the weights of crucial features and significance of positions.

Structural characterization and chondroprotective activity evaluation of four novel polysaccharides purified from Anoectochilus zhejiangensis on transgenic fluorescent zebrafish.

Anoectochilus zhejiangensis (AZJ) exhibits notable anti-inflammatory and anti-swelling properties, making it a potential therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis. However, the specific component responsible for its anti-osteoarthritis effects remains unidentified. In this study, four novel polysaccharides were purified from Anoectochilus zhejiangensis (i.

Gamma rays irradiated polysaccharides: A review of the structure, physicochemical properties, biological activities alteration, and future food applications.

Recently, there has been a growing interest in using radiation to change various properties of polysaccharides. This review gives a more detailed examination of the effects of gamma radiation on polysaccharides and its association with their techno-functional and biological properties following irradiation. Gamma irradiation is a potent tool for modifying the structure and properties of polysaccharides, enhancing their functionality in food applications.

Efficacy-Oriented Morphological Refinement: The Design of Multilayered Nanostructures for Improved Light Harvesting.

The development of high-performance photothermal nanomaterials is essential for advancing clinical diagnostics, biosensing, and energy conservation technologies. In this study, the potential of multilayered nanostructures to enhance light trapping and improve photothermal efficiency was investigated. We successfully synthesized innovative triple-layer Prussian blue nanocubes (tl-Pt@PBNCs) with a multilevel core-shell architecture, optimizing them for both structural stability and exceptional photothermal performance.

Non-van-der-Waals Oriented Two-Dimensional UiO-66 Films by Rapid Aqueous Synthesis at Room Temperature.

The synthesis of MOFs in a two-dimensional (2D) film morphology is attractive for several applications including molecular and ionic separation. However, 2D MOFs have only been reported from structures that crystallize in lamellar morphology, where layers are held together by van der Waals (vdW) interaction. By comparison, UiO-66, one of the most studied MOFs because of its exceptional chemical stability, has only been reported in three-dimensional (3D) morphology.

Characteristic Thinning of Temporal Parafoveal Retinal Thickness in Patients With Intermittent Exotropia.

Purpose: To quantitatively compare the temporal parafoveal retinal thickness between intermittent exotropia (IXT) and healthy controls using optical coherence tomography, exploring the relationship between retinal structural changes and retinal correspondence.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Twenty basic type IXT with an exodeviation angle of 35 prism diopters (PD) were compared with 20 age-matched healthy controls.

Hsp70 incompletely disaggregates misfolded K488X-menin to promote tumourigenesis in a family with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is caused by germline mutations in the MEN1 gene, including nonsense mutations and missense variants, which result in the formation of truncated inactive menin protein and some of which cause degradation of mutant menin proteins. Here, we describe a c.1462 A > T (p.

Unveiling BCO2 function in macular pigment metabolism: Mitochondrial processing and expression in the primate retina.

BCO2 (β-carotene oxygenase 2) converts carotenoids into apocarotenoids by oxidative cleavage across double bonds and controls carotenoid homeostasis in vertebrate tissues. In this study, we examined BCO2's expression, localization, and activity in human cell lines and the retina. We generated peptide antibodies directed against primate BCO2 and validated their specificity using recombinant BCO1 (β-carotene oxygenase 1) and BCO2 proteins expressed in bacteria.

Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions Following Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Increasing cases of vaccine-related severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) are reported in the literature.

Objectives: To provide comprehensive information regarding the clinical spectrum of vaccine-associated SCARs.

Methods: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis on case reports, case series, cohort studies, case-control studies, and post-market surveillance of SCARs following vaccination.

Ditan Decoction ameliorates vascular dementia-induced cognitive dysfunction through anti-ferroptosis via the HIF1α pathway: Integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Vascular dementia (VaD) represents a frequently seen cognitive dysfunction syndrome and has ranks second among dementia subtypes following Alzheimer's disease. At present, Ditan Decoction (DTD), the traditional Chinese herbal prescription, is clinically applied in treating VaD. However, the material basis of its efficacy and therapeutic mechanism still remain unknown.

Innovative Interstate Academic-Public Health Agency Collaborations for Case Investigations and Outbreak Surge Capacity.

Student interview teams provided essential surge capacity for the conduct of routine enteric disease surveillance and outbreak activities during the COVID-19 pandemic response, for states with that resource available. This case study describes how student interview teams based in Colorado and Washington supported enteric disease interviewing for public health agencies in Nebraska, Wyoming, Kansas, and California, and demonstrates the feasibility and value of interstate student interview team work to provide enteric and other communicable disease surge capacity. In collaboration with their respective state health agencies, the Colorado School of Public Health Enteric Disease Interview Team (EDIT) and the University of Washington Student Epidemic Action Leaders (SEAL) team amended scopes of work and procedures for hiring and onboarding, training, work management and engagement, communication, and evaluation to offer enteric disease interviewing support to the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, the Wyoming Department of Health, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, and the California Department of Public Health.

Synergistic role of gut-microbial L-ornithine in enhancing ustekinumab efficacy for Crohn's disease.

The role of the intestinal microbiome in Crohn's disease (CD) treatment remains poorly understood. This study investigates microbe-host interactions in CD patients undergoing ustekinumab (UST) therapy. Fecal metagenome, metabolome, and host transcriptome data from 85 CD patients were analyzed using multi-omics integration and mediation analysis.