MSB2-activated pheromone pathway regulates fungal plasma membrane integrity in response to herbicide adjuvant.

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are used worldwide for weed management. However, GBHs pose a threat to soil fungal community, although fungi can degrade and use glyphosate as a nutrient source. How fungi respond to GBHs remains enigmatic.

Joint probabilistic shaping and pre-equalization for hollow-core fiber transmission using end-to-end learning.

In this Letter, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, end-to-end (E2E) learning scheme leveraging a time-frequency decoupling network (TFDnet) for joint probabilistic shaping (PS) and pre-equalization in hollow-core fiber (HCF)-based wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. The TFDnet emulator effectively models HCF transmission channels by decoupling signal impairments into high-frequency, linear, and nonlinear distortions. Furthermore, a TFDnet emulator-based E2E strategy for joint PS and pre-equalization is presented with the aim of compensating the signal impairment for the HCF-based WDM systems.

Lithium niobate modulator from room temperature to cryogenic conditions.

Electro-optical (EO) modulators with lithium niobate waveguide are essential components in modern communication systems and quantum photonic applications. With the advancement of cryogenic photonic integrated circuits, they have become critical for cryogenic photonic readout, enabling massive data transfer from superconducting electronics to room temperature environments. Here, we demonstrate an integrated modulator based on a thin-film lithium niobate platform.

Non-iterative far-field synthetic aperture imaging via space-domain Kramers-Kronig relations.

Non-interferometric synthetic aperture imaging (SAI) shows significant potential in Earth observation, astronomy, and remote sensing. However, these methods often involve time-consuming processes for wave field acquisition and iterative image reconstruction. In this Letter, we present a non-iterative far-field synthetic aperture imaging method, macroscopic space-domain Kramers-Kronig relations synthetic aperture imaging (MSKR-SAI).

Polygenic risk scores for pan-cancer risk prediction in the Chinese population: A population-based cohort study based on the China Kadoorie Biobank.

Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been extensively developed for cancer risk prediction in European populations, but their effectiveness in the Chinese population remains uncertain.

Methods And Findings: We constructed 80 PRSs for the 13 most common cancers using seven schemes and evaluated these PRSs in 100,219 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). The optimal PRSs with the highest discriminatory ability were used to define genetic risk, and their site-specific and cross-cancer associations were assessed.

Antihypertensive drug amlodipine besylate shows potential in alleviating diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common diabetic complication with no currently available curative treatments. Here, we demonstrated that the protein level of G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is significantly repressed in the sciatic nerves (SN) of DPN patients, as well as in the peripheral nerves, including dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and SN, of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice and BKS Cg-m+/+Lepr db/J (db/db) type 2 diabetic mice. We identified that amlodipine besylate (AB), a first-line clinical antihypertensive drug, as a GPR40 agonist capable of alleviating DPN-like pathologies in mice.

Structured-Defect Engineering of Hexagonal Boron Nitride for Identified Visible Single-Photon Emitters.

Visible-range single-photon emitters (SPEs), based on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), with exceptional optical performance have become an outstanding candidate for quantum optical technology. However, the control of the carbon defect structures to obtain uniform and confined band structure remains elusive, restricting their integration into on-chip quantum devices. Here, we demonstrate tuning of the defect structure of hBN to precisely control the emission in SPEs.

A 10-year bibliometric analysis in the field of osteosarcoma treatment from 2014 to 2023.

Objective: This paper aims to explore the research hot spot and development trend in osteosarcoma treatment using a bibliometric method based upon Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) platform over the last decade.

Methods: The literature related to osteosarcoma and cure which were published from January 2014 to December 2023 were retrieved from the database of WoSCC and made an overall analysis for the papers published including number of articles, distribution of countries and institutions, author information, and keywords, with the CiteSpace 6.2.

Machine Learning-Based Identification of Novel Exosome-Derived Metabolic Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Differentiation of Renal Involvement.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the exosome-derived metabolomics profiles in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), identify differential metabolites, and analyze their potential as diagnostic markers for SLE and lupus nephritis (LN).

Methods: Totally, 91 participants were enrolled between February 2023 and January 2024 including 58 SLE patients [30 with nonrenal-SLE and 28 with Lupus nephritis (LN)] and 33 healthy controls (HC). Ultracentrifugation was used to isolate serum exosomes, which were analyzed for their metabolic profiles using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

A novel approach for estimating postmortem intervals under varying temperature conditions using pathology images and artificial intelligence models.

Estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) is a critical yet complex task in forensic investigations, with accurate and timely determination playing a key role in case resolution and legal outcomes. Traditional methods often suffer from environmental variability and subjective biases, emphasizing the need for more reliable and objective approaches. In this study, we present a novel predictive model for PMI estimation, introduced here for the first time, that leverages pathological tissue images and artificial intelligence (AI).

Durational effect of ambient air pollution on hospital admissions of schizophrenia: a time series analysis.

Background: Schizophrenia may be exacerbated by ambient air pollution. In this study, we aim to explore the association of air pollution with hospital admission for schizophrenia in Liuzhou, China.

Methods: The daily concentration of air pollutants was gathered from an average of seven fixed monitoring sites in Liuzhou, while the daily admission data for schizophrenia was received from The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Brain Hospital.

MISP Suppresses Ferroptosis via MST1/2 Kinases to Facilitate YAP Activation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Despite advances in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapies, resistance remains a major challenge. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death, plays a key role in cancer progression and treatment response. However, the mechanisms governing ferroptosis in NSCLC are not fully understood.

Excellent Dynamic Non-Wetting Performance Induced by Asymmetric Structure at Low Temperatures: Retraction Actuation and Nucleation Inhibition.

Asymmetric structures have exhibited significant advantages in regulating wetting behavior. Nevertheless, the influence of this unique structural feature on anti-icing performance remains to be further explored. In this work, static/dynamic anti-icing performance is investigated on the asymmetric superhydrophobic structures fabricated by micro-milling combined with electrodeposition.

Irradiation alters the structure and reduces the sensitization of sesame proteins in the liquid state.

Irradiation is extensively utilized in food processing as an effective and convenient method. At present, numerous studies have investigated the potential of irradiation to reduce food allergenicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of irradiation treatment on the structure and allergenicity of liquid and solid sesame proteins.

Distorting Local Structures to Modulate Ligand Fields in Vanadium Oxide for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Layered hydrate vanadates are promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Various intercalants have been preinserted into the interplanar space of hydrate vanadates with significantly enhanced kinetics and stabilized structures. However, such an enhancement is induced by various intercalants, and the relationship between the property enhancement and the type of intercalant still needs to be revealed.

The Relationship Between the Average Infusion Rate of Propofol and the Incidence of Delirium During Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Study Based on the MIMIC IV Database.

Background: Delirium is a common complication observed in intensive care units (ICUs). Propofol is one of the most widely used sedatives and is believed to be closely connected with the incidence of delirium. The study was carried out to explore the relationship between delirium and the average rate of propofol infusion.

Regulates -Mediated Autophagy in High Glucose-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

Background: Vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) phenotypic switching under hyperglycemic conditions accelerates atherosclerotic progression. Notch receptor 3(NOTCH3), a critical stabilizer of VSMC homeostasis implicated in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) pathogenesis, ensures vascular integrity; however, its interplay with RAN Binding Protein 1() during pathological hyperglycemia remains uncharacterized. We hypothesize that hyperglycemia-induced autophagic dysregulation is mechanistically governed by theNotch receptor 3 ()/ axis, proliferative capacity, and apoptotic signaling in high glucose (HG)-stimulated VSMCs.

Collaborative removal of microplastics, bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes, and heavy metals in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant.

Plastics are used in large quantities in food packaging and industrial products in China, which results in ecological risks of microplastics (MPs) to the environment. In this study, the MPs' removal efficiency of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the internal interaction of microorganisms, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and heavy metals with MPs were investigated. The dominant MPs in urban sewage were polyurethane (PU), acrylate copolymer (ACR), fluororubber, and polyethylene.

Symmetry to asymmetry: innovative evolvement of a gas-liquid-solid (GLS) separator in UASB/EGSB reactors on a new perspective.

The transition from up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors to expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors presents challenges for traditional symmetric critical gas-liquid-solid (GLS) separators, including high spatial occupation, fluid-energy consumption, and reduced separation efficiency. This study introduced a novel GLS separation mechanism based on vortex circulation-induced deposition, agglomeration, and flowback of solid separation. Leveraging this mechanism, an innovative asymmetrical laboratory-scale GLS separator was developed and tested with both granular and flocculent sludge.

Electrostatic Self-Assembly to Construct MXene@PS@CF Electrode for High Power Density Lithium Primary Cells.

The low power density has emerged as a pivotal challenge impeding the broader application of fluorinated carbon (CF). Herein, a strategy for the fabrication of MXene@PS@CF electrodes is proposed through electrostatic self-assembly. The method leverages polystyrene (PS) microspheres as a sacrificial template to introduce MXene onto the CF surface via electrostatic interactions.

Design of Core-Shell Structured Magnetic Microwire with Desirable Properties for Multifunctional Applications.

Amorphous Co-rich microwire with excellent soft magnetic and mechanical properties produced by melt-extraction technique are emerging as a multifunctional material for a variety of applications ranging from ultrasensitive magnetic field sensors to structural health self-monitoring composites. The residual stress of extraction process often degrades the mechanical characteristics and magnetic softness of as-quenched amorphous microwire. It is a pressing need for enhancing these properties to make the microwire practical for integration into new technologies.

Achieving High-Temperature Resistant Afterglow by Modulating Dual-Mode Emission of Organic Emitters through Defects Engineering.

Dual-mode afterglow, integrating ultralong phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence, offers promising opportunities for developing high-temperature resistant luminescent materials. However, there is an obvious gap between the emission lifetime of delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence. In this work, a dehydration-induced doping strategy is proposed to achieve high-temperature resistant afterglow by balancing phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence lifetime.

Dietary supplementation with -citrulline improves amino acid composition and broiler performance, and modulates gut microbiota.

Poultry lacks carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, which is a key enzyme in the endogenous synthesis of arginine, thus poultry must obtain arginine from their diet. Citrulline (-Cit), as a precursor of arginine, produces the same biological effects as arginine, and may even be more effective. In these experiments, we discovered that the addition of -Cit significantly increased production performance, antioxidant and immune properties, and modulated the intestinal microbiota.

Distinct gene signatures define the epithelial cell features of mucinous appendiceal neoplasms and pseudomyxoma metastases.

Introduction: Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN) are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. They metastasize with widespread abdominal dissemination leading to pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), a disease with poor prognosis. There are many unknowns about the cellular features of origin, differentiation and progression of AMN and PMP.