Biomarkers, Proteoforms, and Mass Spectrometry-based Assays for Diabetes Clinical Research.

The prevalence of diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, has reached epidemic proportions globally. The number of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is also increasing rapidly. Despite advancements in understanding the pathogenesis of diabetes, the lack of circulating pancreatic biomarkers and reliable clinical-grade assays remains a major gap in diabetes research, often hindering the ability to adequately assess disease progression and therapeutic responses.

Sensory Processing Sensitivity and Quality of Life Among Cancer Patients and Their Family Caregivers: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model Analysis.

Objective: Studies report a negative impact of sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) on health outcomes, but evidence from patient-caregiver dyads is scarce. This study aimed to simultaneously examine the independent and interdependent impact of SPS on quality of life (QoL) among cancer patients and their family caregivers.

Methods: In this two-stage random sampling cross-sectional study, we conducted a dyadic analysis of data collected from cancer patients and their family caregivers in southwest China.

Disruption of the endoplasmic reticulum-localized fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase IPF1 caused partial male sterility in rice.

The fatty acyl ACP thioesterases, catalyzing the final step of fatty acid synthesis in the plastid, regulate various critical processes in plants, including seed oil accumulation, seed development, plant growth, and drought tolerance. However, their roles in male fertility have seldom been demonstrated. In this study, the function of a newly FAT, Impaired Pollen Fertility 1 (IPF1) in male fertility was investigated.

Toosendanin promotes prostate cancer cell apoptosis, ferroptosis and M1 polarization via USP39-mediated PLK1 deubiquitination.

Toosendanin (TSN) can inhibit the malignant process of many cancers, and has the potential to be developed as an anti-tumor drug. However, the role and mechanism of TSN in prostate cancer (PCa) progression remain unclear. PCa cells (DU145 and LNCaP) were treated with TSN.

Effectiveness, safety, and patterns of use of camrelizumab in advanced esophageal cancer: an individual patient data pooled analysis of 987 patients from three prospective cohort studies.

Background And Aims: This individual patient data pooled analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and patterns of use of camrelizumab in a large cohort of advanced esophageal cancer (AEC) patients.

Approach And Results: Adult patients (≥ 18 years) who had received camrelizumab as part of AEC treatment were pooled from three independent, prospective observational cohort studies (NCT04616040, ChiCTR1900027275, and ChiCTR2000039499). The main outcomes were patterns of camrelizumab use, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety in the overall population and specific subgroups of underrepresented patients.

Realization of Intrinsic Colossal Magnetoresistance in Pb(PbHg)MnO: An A Site-Ordered Quadruple Perovskite Oxide.

Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effects have been extensively studied in ABO perovskite manganites where the Mn-O-Mn double-exchange mechanism plays a pivotal role. However, A-site-ordered AA'BO-type quadruple perovskite oxides exhibit significantly suppressed double exchange due to their extremely small B-O-B bond angles (≈140°), hindering the realization of intrinsic CMR effects. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a novel quadruple perovskite oxide Pb(PbHg)MnO (PPHMO) characterized by an unusually increased Mn-O-Mn bond angle of up to 153°.

Combination of Dendrimers and Exosomes: Implications for Biomedical Applications.

The rapid development of nanotechnology enables wide exploration of biomimetic nanoplatforms, which can combine traditional nanoparticles and bio-derived materials to have a better performance. Exosomes work as a messenger between cells and specific biomarkers and are also involved in the developmental process of diseases. Dendrimers with high physical stability and unique structure are always used as carriers for drugs or genes, thereby realizing enhanced delivery and precise theranostics.

The relationship between performance validity Test failure, fatigue, and psychological functioning in Long COVID.

At times, patients with Long COVID fail performance validity tests (PVTs) for cognitive measures and symptom validity tests (SVTs) embedded in formal personality measures. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to examine whether self-reported symptoms on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) were related to performance validity in Long COVID patients. Participants were 175 individuals diagnosed with Long COVID who completed four PVTs, the MFIS, and the PAI.

Breaking Linear Scaling Relation Limitations on a Dual-driven Single-atom Copper/Tungsten Oxide Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis.

Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (NO3-, NO3RR) on single-atom copper catalysts (Cu-SACs) offers a sustainable approach to ammonia (NH3) synthesis using NO3- pollutants as feedstocks. Nevertheless, this process suffers from inferior NO3RR kinetics and nitrite accumulation owing to the linear scaling relation limitations for SACs. To break these limitations, a single-atom Cu-bearing tungsten oxide catalyst (Cu1/WO3) was developed, which mediated a unique dual-driven NO3RR process.

A comprehensive omics resource and genetic tools for functional genomics research and genetic improvement of sorghum.

Sorghum, the fifth most important food crop globally, serves not only as a source of silage forage, fiber, syrup, and biofuel, but also is widely recognized as an ideal model crop for studying stress biology due to its exceptional ability to tolerate multiple abiotic stresses, including high salt-alkali conditions, drought, and heat. However, conducting functional genomics studies on sorghum has been challenging, primarily due to the limited availability of genetic resources and effective genetic transformation techniques. In this study, we developed a comprehensive and systematic resource platform (https://sorghum.

Extracellular vesicular delivery of ceramides from pulmonary macrophages to endothelial cells facilitates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Ceramides are known for their harmful, cell-autonomous effects in cigarette smoke (CS)-triggered chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet their potential role as intercellular signals in COPD pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aims to investigate whether ceramides act as cell-nonautonomous mediators of COPD development by transmitting metabolic stress from pulmonary macrophages to endothelial cells (ECs), compromising endothelial function and thereby orchestrating the pulmonary inflammation.

Methods: We analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from human lung tissues and bulk RNA sequencing data from alveolar macrophages (AMs) in COPD patients to investigate the transcriptomic profiles of ceramide biosynthesis enzymes.

CTSO and HLA-DQA1 as biomarkers in sepsis-associated ARDS: insights from RNA sequencing and immune infiltration analysis.

The onset of sepsis frequently coincides with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which constitutes a significant contributor to severe acid-base disturbances in septic patients. In the pathogenesis of sepsis, it conducts a crucial role. lysosomal metabolic disorders and immune imbalance conduct a pivotal role.

Nivolumab plus chemotherapy or ipilimumab in gastroesophageal cancer: exploratory biomarker analyses of a randomized phase 3 trial.

First-line nivolumab-plus-chemotherapy demonstrated superior overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival versus chemotherapy for advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma with programmed death ligand 1 combined positive score ≥ 5, meeting both primary end points of the randomized phase 3 CheckMate 649 trial. Nivolumab-plus-ipilimumab provided durable responses and higher survival rates versus chemotherapy; however, the prespecified OS significance boundary was not met. To identify biomarkers predictive of differential efficacy outcomes, post hoc exploratory analyses were performed using whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing.

Parental influence on Chinese childhood cancer survivors' physical activity: a mixed methods study.

Parents influence the physical activity (PA) of the childhood cancer survivors (CCS). This mixed-methods study, aiming to obtain an understanding of Chinese parents' perceptions of PA in CCS and how the cancer experience changes their views, which may affect these children's PA engagement. A mixed methods study was conducted at two hospitals in Hangzhou.

Dynamic niche technology based hybrid breeding optimization algorithm for multimodal feature selection.

As a primary approach to address feature selection problems, evolutionary algorithms have been widely proposed to deal with the problem. Most of these methods are designed to find a single feature subset. However, the optimal feature subset within a dataset is often not unique, indicating that feature selection exhibits multimodal characteristics.

Apolipoprotein E ε4-Specific Relationship Between Serum Olfactomedin 4 and Alzheimer's Disease.

Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) plays important roles in inflammation, immune regulation, apoptosis, and neurodevelopment. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of serum OLFM4 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its clinical phenotype in different apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status. Serum OLFM4 levels were measured in 122 AD patients and 113 healthy controls (HC).

The Role of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 4 in Modulating Mitophagy and Oxidative Stress in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) causes significant neuronal damage through oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) has been implicated in regulating stress responses in various tissues, but its role in ischemic brain injury remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of GRK4 in oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitophagy during CIRI using both in vivo and in vitro models.

Evaluation of enzyme activity predictions for variants of unknown significance in Arylsulfatase A.

Continued advances in variant effect prediction are necessary to demonstrate the ability of machine learning methods to accurately determine the clinical impact of variants of unknown significance (VUS). Towards this goal, the ARSA Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) challenge was designed to characterize progress by utilizing 219 experimentally assayed missense VUS in the Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) gene to assess the performance of community-submitted predictions of variant functional effects. The challenge involved 15 teams, and evaluated additional predictions from established and recently released models.

Effect of food loop and duodenal stump fixation on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction for distal gastric cancer: a single-center propensity score matching analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and reliability of an innovative technique-fixation of the food loop and duodenal stump-by investigating its impact on postoperative complications and overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent radical distal gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction at Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital between January 2012 and December 2023. Patients were divided into with duodenum fixation and without duodenum fixation groups based on whether food loop and duodenal stump fixation was performed during surgery.

Epidemiological, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics difference of hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with different capsular serotypes.

Background: KL1, KL2 CR-hvKP and KL64, KL47 hv-CRKP all exhibit overlapping multidrug resistance and hypervirulence phenotypes, but the differences in epidemiological, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics between them remains unclear.

Methods: In this study, we collected non-repeated hv-CRKP/CR-hvKP isolates in a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China from January 2019 to December 2022. Furthermore, we selected four typical hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, including ST23-KL1/ST86-KL2 CR-hvKP (WYKP3 and WYKP194) and ST11-KL64/ST11-KL47 hv-CRKP (WYKP589 and WYKP188), and tried to clarify and compare their differences in virulence and drug resistance characteristics and plasmid distribution.

Healthy dietary patterns in relation to cognitive performance and Alzheimer's disease mortality.

Background: Dietary factors play a major role in cognitive aging, but few studies have assessed and compared the associations between specific dietary patterns and Alzheimer's disease (AD) mortality.

Methods: We included 27,773 U.S.

Unraveling Dynamic Structural Evolution of Single Atom Catalyst Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy.

Metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been widely applied in catalyzing electrochemical redox reactions. However, their long-term catalytic stabilities greatly limit their practical applications. This work investigates the dynamic evolution of two model Cu-N-C SACs with different Cu-N coordinations, namely the Cu/N-C and Cu/N-C, in electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR), based on a collection of characterizations including attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, complemented by theoretical calculations.