Effects of topping and non-topping on growth-regulating hormones of flue-cured tobacco (.)-a proteomic analysis.

Introduction: Until now, the mechanism underlying the impact of topping on hormone regulation in tobacco plants remains unclear, and most studies investigating the hormone signaling pathways in plants rely on genes or transcriptional pathways.

Methods: This study examines the regulatory mechanisms of hormones in the roots and leaves of tobacco plants with and without topping at the protein level.

Results: The results demonstrate that, compared with non-topped plants, topping leads to a decrease in the levels of IAA (auxin), ABA (abscisic acid), and GA (gibberellin) hormones in the leaves, whereas the content of the JA (jasmonic acid) hormone increases.

Trait Acceptance Buffers Aggressive Tendency by the Regulation of Anger during Social Exclusion.

Social exclusion has led to increased negative emotions and aggressive behaviors, two outcomes that are correlated with each other. Thus, the down-regulation of negative emotions appears to play a crucial role in reducing the tendency for aggressive behavior. However, this assumption has not yet been tested.