Change of the cross-sectional area of vastus medialis oblique in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation treated by tibial tubercle transfer combined with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction on axial CT.

Purpose: To investigate the change of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) treated by tibial tubercle transfer combined with medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction by imaging methods, and to guide clinical treatment and rehabilitation.

Methods: From October 2015 to March 2022, 23 patients with RPD who underwent tibial tubercle transfer combined with MPFL reconstruction were retrospectively enrolled. All patients were assessed by CT in the supine position with the knee fully extended and the quadriceps relaxed.

Clinical benefit of high tibial osteotomy combined with the intervention of platelet-rich plasma for severe knee osteoarthritis.

Purpose: The objective of present study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for severe knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods: This was a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The participants were randomly divided by computerderived random charts into 3 groups: 24 participants in group A (24 knees) received a treatment option of HTO combined with PRP, 25 participants in group B (25 knees) received a treatment program of HTO combined with hyaluronic acid, and 25 participants in group C (25 knees) received a treatment method of HTO combined with normal saline (NS) (physiological control/placebo).

Two-type classification system for femoral trochlear dysplasia in recurrent patellar instability based on three-dimensional morphology.

Purpose: Radiographic and two-dimensional (2D) CT/MRI analysis of femoral trochlear dysplasia play a significant role in surgical decision-making for recurrent patellar instability. However, the three-dimensional morphology of dysplastic trochlea is rarely studied due to the limitations of conventional imaging modalities. This study aimed to (1) develop a 3D morphological classification for trochlear dysplasia based on the concavity of the trochlear groove and (2) analyze the interrater reliability of the classification system.

A new factor predicting excessive femoral anteversion in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation.

Purpose: Determining a new imaging method on full-leg standing lower limb radiographs to predict excessive femoral anteversion in patients with patellar dislocation.

Methods: This study included 119 patients with patellar dislocation from January 2014 to January 2021. The femoral anteversion and tibial torsion were measured by CT scanning.

Changes in Patellar Morphology Following Soft Tissue Surgical Correction of Recurrent Patellar Dislocation in Children with Low-Grade Trochlear Dysplasia.

Objective: To investigate the changes in patellar morphology following soft tissue surgical correction of recurrent patellar dislocation in children with low-grade trochlear dysplasia.

Methods: The prospective cohort study was performed between November 2007 and December 2012. Finally, 25 cases, with the mean age of 8.

Medialization of trochlear groove was correlated with extended lateral trochlear in trochlear dysplasia: a transverse CT analysis.

Purpose: To investigate the difference of trochlear width between normal and dysplastic trochlear and to analyze whether the medialization of trochlear groove was correlated with abnormal width of trochlear facets in trochlear dysplasia.

Methods: This study involved CT scans of fifty knees with trochlear dysplasia (TD group) and fifty knees without obvious trochlear dysplasia (Normal group). The linear distance from the medial femoral epicondyle to the various reference points was measured on axial CT images which included the medial edge of medial trochlear facet (dMTE), trochlear groove (dTG), and the lateral edge of lateral trochlear facets (dLTE).

Accuracy of tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance and tibial tuberosity-posterior cruciate ligament distance in terms of the severity of trochlear dysplasia.

Purpose: Increased tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance (TT-TG) was proposed as one of the main risk factors for patellofemoral instability (PFI). The increased TT-TG distance indicated externalization of the tibial tubercle with the reference of the trochlear groove. However, in the case of severe trochlear dysplasia, the reference point on the trochlear groove was indistinct, and the accuracy of TT-TG was controversial.

Joint Awareness after Patellofemoral Arthroplasty Evaluated with the Forgotten Joint Score: A Comparison Study.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the forgotten joint score (FJS) in patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis who underwent patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) versus those who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to analyze the predictors of the FJS after PFA.

Methods: From January 2014 to December 2017, a retrospective cohort study of 56 consecutive patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis underwent PFA and were included in the PFA group. The patients in the PFA group were matched in a 1:1 ratio based on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and follow-up duration; 56 patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis underwent cruciate-retaining TKA (TKA group).

Dose atrophy of vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis exist in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Background: Whether vastus medialis obliquus atrophy exists in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome and whether the amount of atrophy differs between the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis muscles remain unknown.

Materials: From June 2016 to March 2019, 61 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome were retrospectively included in the study group, and an age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched cohort of 61 patients with normal knees was randomly selected as the control group. All enrolled subjects had undergone CT scans in the supine position.

Assessment of Patellar Morphology in Trochlear Dysplasia on Computed Tomography Scans.

Objective: To evaluate the patellar morphology of trochlear dysplasia and normal knees in different genders and in different severities of trochlear dysplasia on CT scans.

Methods: A total of 75 patients with trochlear dysplasia (110 knees) treated at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2013 to December 2018 were included in an experimental group, and an age-matched and sex-matched cohort of 46 patients with normal trochlear shape (61 knees) were randomly selected into a control group. The experimental group was divided into a female experimental group (Group FE, 47 patients, 72 knees) and a male experimental group (Group ME, 28 patients, 38 knees); the control group was divided into a female control group (Group FC, 31 knees, 24 female patients) and a male control group (Group MC, 30 knees, 22 male patients).

Distal femoral morphological dysplasia is correlated with increased femoral torsion in patients with trochlear dysplasia and patellar instability.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between femoral torsion and morphology of the distal femoral condyle in patients with trochlear dysplasia and lateral patellar instability.

Methods: A total of 90 patients (64 female, 26 male; mean age 22.1 years (SD 7.

The effect of increased femoral anteversion on the morphological and trabecular microarchitectural changes in the trochlea in an immature rabbit.

Increased femoral anteversion (FA) has been recently demonstrated as one risk factor for recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD). However, it has been still unclear whether the increase of FA can result in patellar dislocation, and subsequent morphological and trabecular microarchitectural changes in the trochlea has not been investigated. Forty knees from 20 rabbits at 3 months of age were included.

A Computed Tomography Study of the Association Between Increased Patellar Tilt Angle and Femoral Anteversion in 30 Patients with Recurrent Patellar Dislocation.

BACKGROUND Increased femoral anteversion (FA) has been demonstrated in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD). However, the effect of FA on the patellar tilt angle (PTA) in patients with RPD is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the FA and PTA between patients with RPD and healthy controls and to investigate the relationship between FA and PTA.

Small hamstring autograft is defined by a cut-off diameter of 7 mm and not recommended with allograft augmentation in single-bundle ACL reconstruction.

Purpose: The present study was to analyze graft failure rates of hamstring tendon (HT) autografts with a cut-off graft diameter of 8 mm or 7 mm, and compare clinical outcomes between augmented small HT with an allograft and non-augmented relatively large HT in single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods: A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was performed based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) guidelines. Studies to assess graft failure of autologous HT ACLR were reviewed, and graft failure rates with a cut-off graft diameter of 8 mm or 7 mm were further extracted.

No influence of patellar fixation technique on clinical outcomes of double-bundle medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: a systematic review.

Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes of double-bundle medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction with different patellar fixation techniques including Kujala score, functional failure and complications.

Methods: Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies with clinical results of double-bundle MPFL reconstruction. The hamstring tendon autografts were used, and femoral fixation was performed with bone tunnel and an interference screw, and knee fixation angle was less than or equal to 45°.

The patellar tendon wavy sign as a new secondary sign of ACL tear on MRI.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of the patellar tendon wavy (PTW) sign for an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear on MRI.

Methods: One hundred MRI scans were prospectively analyzed, with 50 patients with an ACL tear underwent an ACL reconstruction (group 1) and 50 patients with knee complaints other than ACL tear (group 2). The PTW sign was confirmed on the sagittal MRI.

Patella morphological alteration after patella instability in growing rabbits.

Background: The shape of the patella has been considered to be a predisposing factor resulting in patellar instability, but the effects of abnormal patella position during its development are unclear. The present study evaluated patellar morphological changes after patella instability and evaluated the influence of patellar instability on the patella shape.

Methods: Twenty rabbits that were 2 months old were included in the study.