Outcomes and prognostic factors of infantile acquired hydrocephalus: a single-center experience.

Aim: To assess the etiologies and adverse outcomes of infantile acquired hydrocephalus and predict prognosis.

Methods: A total of 129 infants diagnosed with acquired hydrocephalus were recruited from 2008 to 2021. Adverse outcomes included death and significant neurodevelopmental impairment which was defined as Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III score < 70, cerebral palsy, visual or hearing impairment, and epilepsy.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Monitoring of Cerebral Oxygenation and Influencing Factors in Neonates from High-Altitude Areas.

Background: Accurate detection of cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) may be useful for neonatal brain injury prevention, and the normal range of rSO2 of neonates at high altitude remained unclear.

Objective: To compare cerebral rSO2 and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) at high-altitude and low-altitude areas in healthy neonates and neonates with underlying diseases.

Methods: 515 neonates from low-altitude areas and 151 from Tibet were enrolled.

Clinical Manifestations and Amplitude-integrated Encephalogram in Neonates with Early-onset Epileptic Encephalopathy.

Background: The patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE) suffer from neurodevelopmental delay. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical manifestations and amplitude-integrated encephalogram (aEEG) characteristics of infants with EOEE with onset within the neonatal period, to make early diagnosis to improve the prognosis.

Methods: One-hundred and twenty-eight patients with neonatal seizure were enrolled and followed up till 1 year old.

Discrimination of emotional prosodies in human neonates: A pilot fNIRS study.

Very early in development, vocal emotional cues are more critical than facial expressions in guiding infants' behavior. However, the processing of emotional prosody in the very early days of life is still far from clearly understood. To address the issue, this study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to examine brain response of neonates when they passively listened to fearful, angry, happy and neutral prosodies.

[STXBP1 gene mutation in newborns with refractory seizures].

Objective: To study the relationship between STXBP1 gene mutations and refractory seizures with unknown causes in newborns.

Methods: The coding region of STXBP1 gene was detected using direct Sanger sequencing in 11 newborns with refractory seizures of unknown causes.

Results: STXBP1 gene mutation was found in 1 out of 11 patients.

The prognostic value of amplitude-integrated EEG in full-term neonates with seizures.

Neonatal seizures pose a high risk for adverse outcome in survived infants. While the prognostic value of amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) is well established in neonates with encephalopathy and asphyxia, neonatal seizure studies focusing on the direct correlation between early aEEG measurement and subsequent neurologic outcome are scarce. In this study, the prognostic value of aEEG features was systematically analyzed in 143 full-term neonates to identify prognostic indicators of neurodevelopmental outcome.

[Relationship between degree of white matter damage and EEG changes in premature infants early after birth].

Objective: To study the relationship between the degree of white matter damage and changes in brain function in premature infants early after birth according to amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) and raw EEG (with burst-suppression patterns).

Methods: Thirty-eight premature infants of less than 32 weeks' gestational age and with white matter damage, including 20 cases of mild white matter damage and 18 cases of severe white matter damage, were included in the study. Forty-two premature infants without white matter damage were selected as a control group.

[Combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocysteinemia with hydrocephalus as an early presentation: a case report].

A case of combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocysteinemia presenting with hydrocephalus as an early manifestation was reported for its rarity to see and to discuss the relationship between metabolic diseases and hydrocephalus by literature review. The case was an infant with seizures and hydrocephalus as an early manifestation of the disease, combined with macrocyticanemia, development retardation and visual hearing function lesions. The EEG showed hypsarrhythmia and the MRI showed hydrocephalus.

Incidence of brain injuries in premature infants with gestational age ≤ 34 weeks in ten urban hospitals in China.

Background: There is a large number (1.5 million per year) of premature births in China. It is necessary to obtain the authentic incidences of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), the common brain injuries, in Chinese premature infants.

The utility of amplitude-integrated EEG and NIRS measurements as indices of hypoxic ischaemia in the newborn pig.

Objective: The early detection and stratification of potential hypoxic ischaemia (HI) injury in neonates are crucial for reducing the risk of neural disability. This study investigates early changes in brain function caused by acute HI of varying severities in the neonatal pig.

Methods: Two non-invasive techniques, amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), were used to monitor electrocortical and cerebral haemodynamic function, respectively.

NIRS study of cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics in neonate at birth.

To study the changes of cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics in normal neonates at 2-5 min post-birth and understand the effects of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) upon cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics in newborn neonates. The near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was employed to measure the absolute quantity of brain tissue oxygen saturation (rSO2) in newborn neonates and the changes of concentrations of deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) and oxygenation hemoglobin (HbO2) with time relative to initial values to further obtain the changes of total hemoglobin (tHb) and cerebral perfusion (denoted by HbD). In normal neonates at 2-5 min post-birth, rSO2 increased while tHb remained relatively stable and HbD increased.

Reference values for amplitude-integrated EEGs in infants from preterm to 3.5 months of age.

Objectives: Amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) is a valuable tool for the continuous evaluation of functional brain maturation in infants. The amplitudes of the upper and lower margins of aEEGs are postulated to change with maturation and correlate with postmenstrual age (PMA). In this study we aimed to establish reliable reference values of aEEG amplitudes, which provide quantitative guidelines for assessing brain maturation as indicated by aEEG results in neonates and young infants.

Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial in China.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborn infants.

Study Design: Infants with HIE were randomly assigned to the selective head cooling or control group. Selective head cooling was initiated within 6 hours after birth to a nasopharyngeal temperature of 34 degrees+/-0.

[Comparison of the models of acute hypoxia and hypoxic-ischemia in newborn piglets].

Objective: To compare the newborn piglet models of hypoxic ischemic brain damage in hypoxia and hypoxia combined with occlusion of both carotid arteries.

Methods: Twenty four 7-day-old piglets were divided into two groups. Group H: mechanical ventilation with low concentration of oxygen, Group HI: mechanical ventilation with low concentration of oxygen combined with occlusion of both carotid arteries.

3D ultrasound in assessment of growth and development of frontal lobes in children with perinatal brain injury.

To investigate the functions of cranial 3D ultrasound in the assessment of growth and development of the volume of frontal lobes in children with perinatal brain injury, 226 neonates of different gestational ages and 86 full term with perinatal brain injury were selected as subjects. The volume of frontal lobe of neonate increased with gestational age within 7 days after birth (r=0.676, P<0.

[Measurement of brain regional oxygen saturation in neonates in China: a multicenter randomized clinical trial].

Objectives: To understand the value of measuring neonatal cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in assessing cerebral oxygenation, to establish the normal range of neonatal cerebral rSO2 and to collect data of the changes of cerebral rSO2 under certain disease status.

Methods: Nine large hospitals participated in the multicenter randomized clinical trial from Jan 2007 to Apr 2008. Using the NIRS human tissue oximeter (TSAH-100) independently developed in China, the cerebral rSO2 of 223 normal full-term and 95 otherwise healthy preterm neonates without any special disease, was detected at 1, 2 and 3 days after birth, respectively.

Neurodevelopment in newborns: a sample entropy analysis of electroencephalogram.

The present paper investigates the neural ontogeny of newborns in view of electroencephalogram (EEG) complexity during active sleep (AS) and quiet sleep (QS). Sample entropy (SampEn) is applied to EEG recordings from 168 newborns with postmenstrual age (PMA) ranging from 25 to 60 weeks. The relationship between neurodevelopment and PMA is then explored according to the statistical analysis of the median and interquartile range of SampEn curves.

[Multicenter follow-up report of 147 premature infants with brain injuries from 6 hospitals in China].

Objective: Sponsored by the Subspecialty Group of Neonatology of Pediatric Society, China Medical Association, more than 10 large-scale hospitals participated in the near two-year multicenter investigation for Brain Injuries in Premature Infants in China. The present study presents the follow-up results of 147 premature infants with brain injuries from 6 Third Class A Level hospitals.

Methods: All premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) diagnosed in the early neonatal period in the 6 hospitals were followed-up between January 2005 and August 2006.

[Detecting cerebral hypoxia-ischemia of newborn piglets using spatially-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy].

As a non-invasive technique for measuring tissue oxygenation, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has increasing applications in detecting cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. The authors, introduced the basic principle of the NIRS oximeter developed independently by our group (TSAH-100). The authors achieved the optimal coupling between the probe and the detected cerebral tissue.

[Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the differentiation of implanted human neural stem cells into neurons in vivo].

Objective: To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on the differentiation of the implanted human neural stem cells (hNSCs) into neurons in neonatal rats following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD).

Methods: HIBD model was prepared by ligation of the left common carotid artery, followed by 8% hypoxia exposure in 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups. Three days later, the rats received implantation of hNSCs into the left cerebral ventricles.

[Correlation of brain hypoxia at different degrees with brain function and brain damage investigated using near infrared spectroscopy].

Objective: To study correlation of brain hypoxia of different degrees with brain function and damage.

Methods: The brain regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) was determined by using a non-invasive near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique in 15 piglets; the piglets were subjected to inhale 3% - 11% oxygen-nitrogen mixed gas through mechanical ventilation for 30 min. The piglets were divided into groups according to the level of brain rSO2 (i.

Research on the relationship between brain anoxia at different regional oxygen saturations and brain damage using near-infrared spectroscopy.

The objective of this paper is to investigate the difference in physiological parameters, EEG and morphology of brain tissues in newborn pigs with different regional oxygen saturations of brain (rSO(2)) and provide a basis for the determination of brain injury and degree of injury with the rSO(2) in clinical practice. A noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique was used to monitor the rSO(2) of 27 newborn pigs. After mechanical ventilation and inhalation of 3-11% oxygen for 30 min by the newborn pigs, the pigs were grouped according to the rSO(2) in the brain caused by inhalation of different concentrations of oxygen.

[Relationship between neonatal polycythemia and brain damage].

Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics as well as prognosis of neonatal polycythemia complicated with brain damage.

Methods: One hundred and sixteen in-patients with neonatal polycythemia admitted to our hospital during January 2003 to October 2005 were analyzed. Their clinical manifestations were observed.

[Evaluation of early cognitive ability of infants born preterm by near-infrared spectroscopy].

Objective: To compare the differences in cerebral oxygenation responses between the infants born preterm and full-term infants and to evaluate the early cognitive ability of infants born preterm.

Methods: Cerebral oxygenation after light stimulation was detected by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in preterm infants at 3 or 6 months corrected gestational age (GA). The results were compared with those of age-matched infants born at term.

[Evaluation of relationship between early brain response and neurodevelopment in newborns by using near infrared spectroscopy].

Objective: To study the relationship between early brain response to extrinsic stimulation and neurodevelopment in preterm infants, assess the brain function of preterm infants in the early stage, and thereby to provide objective evidence for the degree of neurodevelopment in preterm infants and to evaluate prognosis.

Methods: Using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), the brain response to sound stimulation of 90 preterm infants at different gestational age was observed and compared with the result obtained from 20 full term infants. The neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) was performed at corrected age of 40 weeks, and the infants were followed up for 2 years.