Cataract surgical outcomes, visual function and quality of life in four rural districts in Vietnam.

Background: To evaluate cataract surgical outcomes in four rural districts of Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: Post-cataract surgery patients sampled randomly from facilities in four rural districts of Ha Tinh Province >3 months after surgery.

Measurement of intraocular pressure with pressure phosphene tonometry in children.

Purpose: To study the accuracy and acceptability of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement by the pressure phosphene tonometer, non-contact tonometer, and Goldmann tonometer in children.

Methods: Fifty children (5 to 14 years old) participated in this prospective comparative study. IOP was measured with the pressure phosphene tonometer, non-contact tonometer, and Goldmann tonometer by three different examiners who were masked to the results.

Comparisons of anterior segment biometry between Chinese and Caucasians using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To compare anterior segment parameters between eyes of Chinese and Caucasians using anterior segment optical coherence tomography and to evaluate the association between these parameters and anterior chamber angle width between the two ethnic groups.

Methods: 60 Chinese and 60 Caucasians, 30 with open angles and 30 with narrow angles (defined as Shaffer grade < or =2 in > or =3 quadrants during dark room gonioscopy) in each group, were consecutively enrolled. One eye of each subject was randomly selected for imaging in a completely darkened room.

Attitudes of students, parents, and teachers toward glasses use in rural China.

Objective: To use focus groups to understand barriers to glasses use among children in rural China.

Methods: Separate focus groups were conducted between December 17, 2007, and August 5, 2008, for the following 3 groups at each of 3 schools in rural China: children aged 14 to 18 years with myopia of less than -0.5 diopters in both eyes, those children's parents, and those children's teachers.

Use of eye care services among diabetic patients in urban and rural China.

Objective: To assess the use of eye care and its predictors among diabetic patients in China.

Design: Cross-sectional, clinic-based study.

Participants: Diabetic patients 18 years of age or older were recruited consecutively from an urban tertiary and community hospitals and from a rural clinic in Guangdong, China.

Population density and refractive error among Chinese children.

Purpose: China is urbanizing rapidly, and the prevalence of myopia is high. This study was conducted to identify the reasons for observed differences in the prevalence of myopia among urban versus rural Chinese children.

Methods: All children with uncorrected acuity of 6/12 or worse and a 50% random sample of children with vision better than 6/12 at all secondary schools in mixed rural-urban Liangying Township, Guangdong, underwent cycloplegic refraction, and provided data on age, gender, parental education, weekly near work and time outdoors, and urban development level of respondents' neighborhoods (12-item questionnaire).

The impact of parental migration on health status and health behaviours among left behind adolescent school children in China.

Background: One out of ten of China's population are migrants, moving from rural to urban areas. Many leave their families behind resulting in millions of school children living in their rural home towns without one or both their parents. Little is known about the health status of these left behind children (LBC).

Pupil constriction can alter the accuracy of dark room provocative test.

Background: Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major cause of visual morbidity in East Asia. Dark-room provocative test (DRPT) has been used to determine which narrow angles have the risk to develop angle closure. However, the accuracy of DRPT might be altered because that after emerging from the dark room, the configuration of the angle is affected by the light of the slit-lamp and the appositionally closed angle reopens.

Height, stunting, and refractive error among rural Chinese schoolchildren: the See Well to Learn Well project.

Purpose: To evaluate the hypothesis that changes in nutritional status could be partly responsible for observed increases in myopia prevalence among Chinese children.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Methods: Rural Chinese secondary school children participating in a study of interventions to promote spectacle use were randomly sampled (20% of children with uncorrected vision >6/12 bilaterally, and 100% of remaining children) and underwent cycloplegic refraction with subjective refinement and measurement of height and weight.

Endothelial cell loss and surgically induced astigmatism after sutureless large-incision manual cataract extraction (SLIMCE).

Objectives: To describe a modified manual cataract extraction technique, sutureless large-incision manual cataract extraction (SLIMCE), and to report its clinical outcomes.

Methods: Case notes of 50 consecutive patients with cataract surgery performed using the SLIMCE technique were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical outcomes 3 months after surgery were analyzed, including postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, intraoperative and postoperative complications, endothelial cell loss, and surgically induced astigmatism using the vector analysis method.

Impact of cataract screening outreach in rural China.

Purpose: To examine differences between patients with cataract detected during screening and presenting to clinic in rural China.

Methods: Subjects were recruited from 27 screenings and an eye clinic in the same town. All had pinhole-corrected vision < or =6/18 in > or =1 eye due to ophthalmologist-diagnosed cataract.

Outcomes of surgical bleb revision for complications of trabeculectomy.

Objective: To describe the results of revision surgery for complications of trabeculectomy in a case series from an academic glaucoma service.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: A total of 177 eyes of 167 adult patients who underwent revision of trabeculectomy at the Wilmer Eye Institute between 1994 and 2007.

Dark room provocative test and extent of angle closure: an anterior segment OCT study.

Purpose: To clarify the risk parameters measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for elevated intraocular pressures (IOP) provoked by the darkroom test and to provide recommendations for its clinical usage.

Methods: Subjects aged >40 years and whose peripheral anterior chambers were ≤1/4 corneal thickness were recruited. The anterior segment of the eye was imaged in sitting position and under both light and dark conditions and biometry was performed using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Myopia, spectacle wear, and risk of bicycle accidents among rural Chinese secondary school students: the Xichang Pediatric Refractive Error Study report no. 7.

Objective: To study the effect of myopia and spectacle wear on bicycle-related injuries in rural Chinese students. Myopia is common among Chinese students but few studies have examined its effect on daily activities.

Methods: Data on visual acuity, refractive error, current spectacle wear, and history of bicycle use and accidents during the past 3 years were sought from 1891 students undergoing eye examinations in rural Guangdong province.

Associations between near work, outdoor activity, and myopia among adolescent students in rural China: the Xichang Pediatric Refractive Error Study report no. 2.

Objective: To study the associations between near work, outdoor activity, and myopia among children attending secondary school in rural China.

Methods: Among a random cluster sample of 1892 children in Xichang, China, subjects with an uncorrected acuity of 6/12 or less in either eye (n = 984) and a 25% sample of children with normal vision (n = 248) underwent measurement of refractive error. Subjects were administered a questionnaire on parental education, time spent outdoors, and weekly time spent engaged in and preferred working distance for a variety of near-work activities.

A population-based study of visual impairment among pre-school children in Beijing: the Beijing study of visual impairment in children.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and causes of visual impairment among Chinese children aged 3 to 6 years in Beijing.

Design: Population-based prevalence survey.

Methods: Presenting and pinhole visual acuity were tested using picture optotypes or, in children with pinhole vision < 6/18, a Snellen tumbling E chart.

Reducing the visual burden of glaucoma in Asia: what we know and what we need to know.

Despite great progress in elucidating risk factors and effective treatments for eye disease in the last decades, blindness prevalence in the developing and developed world is either static or rising. A research agenda is needed to develop and test specific strategies to reduce the burden of blindness from glaucoma and other common eye diseases. Current knowledge about open and closed-angle glaucoma is reviewed and a strategy to reduce glaucoma blindness in Asia is suggested.

Waiting time for cataract surgery and its influence on patient attitudes.

Purpose: To characterize willingness to pay for private operations and preferred waiting time among patients awaiting cataract surgery in Hong Kong.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey. Subjects randomly selected from cataract surgical waiting lists in Hong Kong (n = 467) underwent a telephone interview based on a structured, validated questionnaire.

Visual morbidity due to inaccurate spectacles among school children in rural China: the See Well to Learn Well Project, report 1.

Purpose: Inadequately corrected refractive error is the leading cause of visual disability among children in China; inaccurate spectacles are a potential cause. The prevalence and visual impact of spectacle inaccuracy were studied among rural, secondary-school children, to determine the optimal timing for updating of refraction.

Methods: A random sample of children from years 1 and 2 in all junior and senior high schools in Fuyang Township, Guangdong Province, underwent ocular examination.

Prevalence and determinants of spectacle nonwear among rural Chinese secondary schoolchildren: the Xichang Pediatric Refractive Error Study Report 3.

Objective: To study spectacle wear among rural Chinese children.

Methods: Visual acuity, refraction, spectacle wear, and visual function were measured.

Results: Among 1892 subjects (84.

A two-site, population-based study of barriers to cataract surgery in rural china.

Purpose: China has among the lowest cataract surgical rates in Asia. This study was conducted to identify barriers to cataract surgery in rural China.

Methods: All subjects having undergone cataract surgery and persons with presenting visual acuity or=1 eye due to nonsurgically treated cataract were identified in two population-based studies in southern (Yangjiang) and northern (Handan) China.

Strategies to improve the accuracy of vision measurement by teachers in rural Chinese secondary schoolchildren: Xichang Pediatric Refractive Error Study (X-PRES) report no. 6.

Objective: To assess and improve the accuracy of lay screeners compared with vision professionals in detecting visual impairment in secondary schoolchildren in rural China.

Methods: After brief training, 32 teachers and a team of vision professionals independently measured vision in 1892 children in Xichang. The children also underwent vision measurement by health technicians in a concurrent government screening program.