A conserved oomycete effector RxLR23 triggers plant defense responses by targeting ERD15La to release NbNAC68.

Oomycete pathogens deliver many effectors to enhance virulence or suppress plant immunity. Plant immune networks are interconnected, in which a few effectors can trigger a strong defense response when recognized by immunity-related proteins. How effectors activate plant defense response remains poorly understood.

Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Morphological Characteristics of (, ).

is widely distributed throughout the world, and usually identified as endophytes, pathogens or saprobes. In this study, six strains were isolated from sp., , and saprophytic leaves in Shandong Province, China.

2 Is Required for Asexual Development and Plant Infection.

In bacteria, FtsZ proteins form a Z ring that is the initial step preceding septal fission. FtsZ proteins enable the division of mitochondria in early eukaryotes and are present in some kingdoms but have been lost in animals, fungi, and plants. Here, we have identified two ortholog genes of FtsZs, designated 1 and 2.