[Mercury Transport from Glacier to Runoff in Typical Inland Glacial Area in the Tibetan Plateau].

To investigate the transport of mercury from glacier to runoff in typical inland glacial area in the Tibetan Plateau, we selected Zhadang glacier and Qugaqie river Basin located in the Nyainqentanglha Range region and collected samples from snow pit, glacier melt-water and Qugaqie river water during 15th August to 9'h September 2011. Mercury speciation and concentrations were determined and their distribution and controlling factors in different environmental compartments were analyzed. The results showed that the average THg concentrations were (3.

[In-Situ Analysis of Solid Steel Samples with Remote Double-Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy System].

In order to realize real-time, online monitoring of the component of steel and other metal smelting process, we designed a remote double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis system which can realize non-contact remote measurement and component analysis for long distance sample. The paper first tests the system on solid standard steel samples, which provides basis for online monitoring the component of molten steel. The experimental results show：laser focal spot is about 1mm in long distance; double-pulse ablation depth is deeper than single pulse’s; the optimum delay of double-pulse is non-consistent in different distances; the enhancement effect of double- pulse in 3.

Comparison modeling for alpine vegetation distribution in an arid area.

Mapping and modeling vegetation distribution are fundamental topics in vegetation ecology. With the rise of powerful new statistical techniques and GIS tools, the development of predictive vegetation distribution models has increased rapidly. However, modeling alpine vegetation with high accuracy in arid areas is still a challenge because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the environment.

Influence of long-range transboundary transport on atmospheric water vapor mercury collected at the largest city of Tibet.

Monsoon circulation is an important process that affects long-range transboundary transport of anthropogenic contaminants such as mercury (Hg). During the Indian monsoon season of 2013, a total of 92 and 26 atmospheric water vapor samples were collected at Lhasa, the largest city of the Tibet, for Hg and major ions analysis, respectively. The relatively low pH/high electronic conductivity values, together with the fact that NH4(+) in atmospheric water vapor was even higher than that determined in precipitation of Lhasa, indicated the effects of anthropogenic perturbations through long-range transboundary atmospheric transport.

Single frequency MOPA based on Nd:YAG single crystal fiber and rods.

We demonstrate a single frequency 1064 nm master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system operating in macro-micro pulse scheme. The repetition rate for the macro pulses was 300 Hz with pulse duration of 300 μs. Micro pulses operated at 25 kHz.

High-speed line-field confocal holographic microscope for quantitative phase imaging.

We present a high-speed and phase-sensitive reflectance line-scanning confocal holographic microscope (LCHM). We achieved rapid confocal imaging using a fast line-scan CCD camera and quantitative phase imaging using off-axis digital holography (DH) on a 1D, line-by-line basis in our prototype experiment. Using a 20 kHz line scan rate, we achieved a frame rate of 20 Hz for 512x512 pixels en-face confocal images.

Tunable KTA Stokes laser based on stimulated polariton scattering and its intracavity frequency doubling.

This paper presents the tunable Stokes laser characteristics of KTiOAsO (KTA) crystal based on stimulated polariton scattering (SPS). When the pumping laser wavelength is 1064.2 nm, the KTA Stokes wave can be discontinuously tuned from 1077.

Chronic Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol Administration Reduces IgE(+)B Cells but Unlikely Enhances Pathogenic SIVmac251 Infection in Male Rhesus Macaques of Chinese Origin.

Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC) is the major psychoactive component of the cannabis plant. Δ(9)-THC has been used in the active ingredient of Marinol as an appetite stimulant for AIDS patients. Its impact on progression of HIV-1 infection, however, remains debatable.

Non-singular terminal dynamic surface control based integrated guidance and control design and simulation.

In this paper, a novel cascade type design model is transformed from the simulation model, which has a broader scope of application, for integrated guidance and control (IGC). A novel non-singular terminal dynamic surface control based IGC method is proposed. It can guarantee the missile with multiple disturbances fast hits the target with high accuracy, while considering the terminal impact angular constraint commendably.

Understanding the ordering mechanisms of self-assembled nanostructures of block copolymers during zone annealing.

A theoretical method based on dynamic version of self-consistent field theory is extended to investigate directed self-assembly behaviors of block copolymers subjected to zone annealing. The ordering mechanisms and orientation modulation of microphase-separated nanostructures of block copolymers are discussed in terms of sweep velocity, wall preference, and Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. The simulated results demonstrate that the long-range ordered nanopatterns are achieved by lowering the sweep velocity of zone annealing due to the incorporation of templated ordering of block copolymers.

A practical 3D printed simulator for endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery to improve basic operational skills.

Purpose: We aimed to present a practical three-dimensional (3D) printed simulator to comprehensively and effectively accelerate the learning curve of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS).

Methods: The 3D printed simulator consists of three parts: (1) skull frame, (2) the nasal passage and the nasal alar of the face, and (3) a modified sella turcica. We aimed to improve three basic operational skills of surgeons: drilling, curetting, and aspirating.

In vitro modeling of endothelial interaction with macrophages and pericytes demonstrates Notch signaling function in the vascular microenvironment.

Angiogenesis is regulated by complex interactions between endothelial cells and support cells of the vascular microenvironment, such as tissue myeloid cells and vascular mural cells. Multicellular interactions during angiogenesis are difficult to study in animals and challenging in a reductive setting. We incorporated stromal cells into an established bead-based capillary sprouting assay to develop assays that faithfully reproduce major steps of vessel sprouting and maturation.

Diverting stoma with anterior resection for rectal cancer: does it reduce overall anastomotic leakage and leaks requiring laparotomy?

Anastomotic leakage (AL) after resection for rectal carcinoma accelerates morbidity and mortality rates, extends hospital stay, and increases treatment costs, particularly when requiring laparotomy. The role of a protective diverting stoma (DS) in avoiding leakage has repeatedly been discussed, but prospective randomized studies on this subject are rare and their results contradictory. The MEDLINE database was searched for studies of AL requiring laparotomy and of the associated rate of protective DSs in initial anterior resection (AR) to review these studies systematically.

Anti-inflammatory effects of potato extract on a rat model of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of potato extract (PE) on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: PE was first prepared by frozen centrifugation, and its amino acid composition was detected. Toxicity of PE was analyzed by changes in morphology, behavior, routine blood indexes, and biochemical criteria of mice.

Real-world treatment patterns, comorbidities, and disease-related complications in patients with multiple myeloma in the United States.

Objectives: To describe multiple myeloma (MM) treatment patterns and comorbidities over time in the US.

Research Design And Methods: Study patients were newly diagnosed with MM (ICD-9-CM 203.0x) between 1 July 2006 and 31 March 2014 and had ≥6 months of data prior to the initial MM diagnosis in MarketScan Research Databases.

High power broadband LiF:F(2)(-) color center laser.

A high power LiF:F(2)(-) color center laser is demonstrated with broadband emission. The excitation source is a quasi-continuous wave diode side-pumped acousto-optically Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Under an incident 1064-nm laser power of 25.

Tunable Stokes laser generation based on the stimulated polariton scattering in KTiOPO₄ crystal.

The tunable Stokes laser characteristics based on the stimulated polariton scattering in KTiOPO4 (KTP) crystal and the intracavity frequency doubling properties for the Stokes laser are investigated for the first time. When the pumping laser wavelength is 1064.2 nm, and the angle between the pumping and Stokes beams outside the KTP crystal changes from 1.

A long-term follow-up study on the prognosis of endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal laterally spreading tumors.

Background And Aims: Colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) are divided into homogeneous (LST-G-H), nodular mixed (LST-G-M), flat elevated (LST-NG-F), and pseudodepressed (LST-NG-PD) subtypes. We hypothesized that based on the rates of advanced histology, the recurrence rates of the LST-NG-PD and LST-G-M groups may be higher than those of the other subgroups.

Methods: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed in 156 patients with a total of 177 LSTs.

Nesfatin-1 acts on the dopaminergic reward pathway to inhibit food intake.

Nesfatin-1 is a novel 82-amino acid anorectic peptide. Previous studies of nesfatin-1 have focused on hypothalamic and brainstem circuits implicated in feeding regulation. Recently, nesfatin-1 expression was also reported in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), amygdaloid nucleus and insular cortex of mice, areas that are related to the control of reward behavior.

End-of-Life Co-residence of Older Parents and Their Sons in Rural China.

This study examined how intergenerational exchanges with sons and daughters predicted older parents' likelihood of co-residing with a son prior to death in a rural area of China's Anhui Province. Our investigation drew on theories of contingent co-residence, modernization, and social exchange, conceptualizing co-residence as having practical and symbolic importance in rural Chinese culture. The sample included 470 older parents, reported as deceased during 2001-2009, and their posthumous informants.

RTP Q-switched single-longitudinal-mode Nd:YAG laser with a twisted-mode cavity.

This paper describes a high pulse repetition frequency Nd:YAG twisted-mode laser that uses an RTP crystal as the electro-optic Q-switch. Stable single-longitudinal-mode laser beams at 1, 5, and 10 kHz were obtained with a linewidth less than 0.1 GHz.

Changes in levels of IL-9, IL-17, IFN-γ, dendritic cell numbers and TLR expression in peripheral blood in asthmatic children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children with asthma resulted in a more severe allergic state compared with a non-MP infected group. The infection rate of children with asthma was higher than that of the other groups, suggesting that being asthmatic may be a predisposing factor for MP infection and that the infection itself is an important co-factor in the disease progression of asthma. The number of dendritic cells (DCs) and the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 were compared in 22 asthmatic patients with MP infection, 22 asthmatic patients without MP infection, and 17 normal children as controls.

promoter methylation in serum and cerebrospinal fluid as a tumor-specific biomarker of glioma.

O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase () promoter methylation is a conventional technique to predict the prognosis or individualized treatment of glioma in tumor tissue following surgery or biopsy. However, the technique cannot be applied in those glioma patients with concomitant neurological dysfunctions or advanced age. The present study aimed to find a new minimally invasive and efficient alternative method for the detection of promoter methylation.