A novel single-domain antibody obtained from immune Bactrian camels against botulinum toxin type A using SPR-based screening method.

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a highly lethal toxin produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which leads to nerve paralysis following poisoning. At present, there is no specific drug officially approved. Antibodies, particularly single-domain antibodies, represent safe and effective candidates for specific drugs against BoNT.

Sex-related disparities in mobility, sensory function, and psychological outcomes in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats following spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes persistent motor, sensory, psychological, and bladder dysfunctions, with clinical evidence indicating better recovery in females compared to males. However, the mechanisms driving these sex-specific differences remain unclear. This study assessed sex- and strain-specific differences in recovery using Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Dynamic STING repression orchestrates immune cell development and function.

STING is an essential component of the innate immune system, yet homeostatic STING expression patterns and regulation are unknown. Using reporter and conditional transgenic mice, we found that regulation of STING expression is critical for immune cell development and functionality. STING expression was repressed in neutrophils, and forced STING expression or signaling drove systemic inflammatory disease.

Bibliometric analysis of research on spinal cord injury and Mesenchymal stem cell: Trends and frontiers.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurotraumatic condition leading to motor and sensory dysfunction. Despite advancements in treatment, a complete cure remains elusive. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has become a popular research area for SCI repair, with numerous publications.

OAS cross-activates RNase L intercellularly through cell-to-cell transfer of 2-5A to spread innate immunity.

The 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)-RNase L pathway is a classical antiviral innate immune pathway. Upon sensing dsRNA, OAS produces 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) as a second messenger to activate RNase L. Whether 2-5A can be transported to extend the reach of innate immune signaling has not been established.

PARP7 inhibits type I interferon signaling to prevent autoimmunity and lung disease.

Type I IFN (IFN-I) induce hundreds of antiviral genes as well as negative regulators that limit IFN-I signaling. Here, we investigate the family of 16 PARPs and find that 11 PARPs are ISGs, of which 8 PARPs inhibit IFN-I production. PARP7 is the most potent negative feedback regulator of IFN-I production.

Height prediction of individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta by machine learning.

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by low bone mass, bone fragility and short stature. There is a significant gap in knowledge regarding the growth patterns across different types of OI, and the prediction of height in individuals with OI was not adequately addressed. In this study, we described the growth patterns and predicted the height of individuals with OI employing multiple machine learning (ML) models.

An Implantable Self-Driven Diaphragm Pacing System Based on a Microvibration Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Phrenic Nerve Stimulation.

Spinal cord injury poses considerable challenges, particularly in diaphragm paralysis. To address limitations in existing diaphragm pacing technologies, we report an implantable, self-driven diaphragm pacing system based on a microvibration triboelectric nanogenerator (MV-TENG). Leveraging the efficient MV-TENG, the system harvests micromechanical energy and converts this energy into pulses for phrenic nerve stimulation.

Exploring the Landscape of Hydrogel Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis (1991-2023).

Background: This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature on hydrogel therapy for spinal cord injury to visualize the research status, identify hotspots, and explore the development trends in this field.

Methods: Web of science Core Collection database was searched for relevant studies published between January 1991 and December 2023. Data such as journal title, author information, institutional affiliation, country, citation, and keywords were extracted.

Monoclonal Antibody Targeting CGRP Relieves Cisplatin-Induced Neuropathic Pain by Attenuating Neuroinflammation.

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CIPN) is a common side effect of antitumor chemotherapeutic agents. It describes a pathological state of pain related to the cumulative dosage of the drug, significantly limiting the efficacy of antitumor treatment. Sofas strategies alleviating CIPN still lack.

Novel design of high elastic solid polymer electrolyte for stable lithium metal batteries.

Li metal anodes have high specific capacity and low electrode potential, and have always been considered as one of the most promising anode materials. However, the growth of Li dendrites, unstable solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI), severe side reactions at the Li/electrolyte interface, and infinite volume expansion of the Li anode seriously hinder the practical application of solid-state Li metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, we report a polyurethane elastomer (TPU) material with high elasticity and interfacial stability as a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) for LMBs.

Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model.

This study analyzes the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibilities in elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases to identify risk factors for pulmonary infections. A risk prediction model is established, aiming to serve as a clinical tool for early prevention and management of pulmonary infections in this vulnerable population. A total of 600 patients were categorized into infected and uninfected groups.

Coordination function index: A novel indicator for assessing hindlimb locomotor recovery in spinal cord injury rats based on catwalk gait parameters.

In preclinical studies of spinal cord injury (SCI), behavioral assessments are crucial for evaluating treatment effectiveness. Commonly used methods include Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) score and the Louisville swim scale (LSS), relying on subjective observations. The CatWalk automated gait analysis system is also widely used in SCI studies, providing extensive gait parameters from footprints.

Functional epitopes and neutralizing antibodies of vaccinia virus.

Smallpox is an infectious disease caused by the variola virus, and it has a high mortality rate. Historically it has broken out in many countries and it was a great threat to human health. Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980, and Many countries stopped nation-wide smallpox vaccinations at that time.

STING signaling in the brain: Molecular threats, signaling activities, and therapeutic challenges.

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an innate immune signaling protein critical to infections, autoimmunity, and cancer. STING signaling is also emerging as an exciting and integral part of many neurological diseases. Here, we discuss recent advances in STING signaling in the brain.

Alternating current stimulation promotes neurite outgrowth and plasticity in neurons through activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

As a commonly used physical intervention, electrical stimulation (ES) has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of central nervous system disorders. Currently, researchers are studying the effects of electrical stimulation on individual neurons and neural networks, which are dependent on factors such as stimulation intensity, duration, location, and neuronal properties. However, the exact mechanism of action of electrical stimulation remains unclear.

The patient-related factors in revision procedures on tibia of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta treated with the Peter-Williams nail.

Objective: To investigate the patient-related factors that affect the revision rate for the tibia in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta treated with the Peter-Williams nail, and to explore the relationship between the risk factors and complications postsurgery.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed the data of 211 patients (93 females (44.08%) and 118 males (55.

Tree seedling growth allocation of is determined by seed-relative positions.

Plants allocate growth to different organs as a strategy to obtain limiting resources in different environments. Tree seeds that fall from a mother tree settle on, within, or below the forest floor and litter layer, and their relative positions can determine seedling biomass and nutrient allocation and ultimately affect survival to the sapling stage. However, how emerged seedling biomass and nutrients of each organ are affected by seeds in different positions is not yet completely understood in subtropical forests.

Comparison of clinical outcomes associated with spinal cord stimulation (SCS) or conventional medical management (CMM) for chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) compared to conventional medical management (CMM) for patients diagnosed with chronic pain. Furthermore, the study seeks to compare the utilization of analgesics, as well as the long-term outcomes in terms of quality of life and functional capacity.

Data Sources: We systematically searched Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials from inception up to February 2022.

Construction of high elastic artificial SEI for air-stable and long-life lithium metal anode.

Compared with other anode materials, Li metal anode has higher capacity density and lower electrode potential, which has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials. However, the unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) leads to Li dendrite growth and the infinite volumetric expansion of Li metal, which seriously hinders the stability and cycle life of Li metal batteries (LMBs). Here, a polyurethane elastomer (TPU) material with high elasticity and air stability is used as the artificial SEI of Li metal anode.