Tuning the Spin-Orbit Torque Efficiency via Exchange Bias Direction Modification in Pt/IrMn/Py Trilayers.

Spin transport, as the core of spintronics, provides an alternative to electron charge transport used in conventional electronics. Recent studies have demonstrated that spin transport through antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulators would be affected by the relative orientation of the spin polarization () and the Néel vector (). However, there has been limited research on this transport regime in metallic AFMs.

Moiré metasurface for dynamically tuned vector beams.

The vector beam (VB), characterized by the spatially non-uniform distribution of polarization states, shows broad prospects in the photonics field. Recently, the development of metasurfaces offers novel (to the best of our knowledge) opportunities for manipulating VB, yet most efforts lack dynamic control over its polarization order. In this Letter, a general and facile method for dynamically tuning the polarization order of VB is proposed and validated by a silicon-based Moiré metasurface in the visible band.

Burst Ultrafast Laser Welding of Quartz Glass.

Ultrafast laser welding of transparent materials has been widely used in sensors, microfluidics, optics, etc. However, the existing ultrafast laser welding depths are limited by the short laser Rayleigh length, which makes it difficult to realize the joining of transparent materials in the millimeter depth range and becomes a new challenge. Based on temporal shaping, we realized Burst mode ultrafast laser output with different sub-pulse numbers and explored the effect of different Burst modes on the welding performance using high-speed shadow in situ imaging.

Proto-oncogene DEK binds to pre-mRNAs and regulates the alternative splicing of Hippo signaling genes in HeLa cells.

Our study aimed to explore how DEK, a carcinogenic protein with chromatin architectural function, genome-widely binds to RNA and affects the alternative splicing in cancer cells to decipher its molecular functions. To achieve this goal, cell phenotype experiments, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and improved RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (iRIP-seq) were conducted to identify the function and regulated targets of DEK in HeLa cells. The results showed DEK overexpression promoted cell proliferation and invasion of HeLa cells.

Porous Silicon Nanoneedles Efficiently Deliver Adenine Base Editor to Correct a Recurrent Pathogenic COL7A1 Variant in Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa.

Base editing, a CRISPR-based genome editing technology, enables precise correction of single-nucleotide variants, promising resolutive treatment for monogenic genetic disorders like recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). However, the application of base editors in cell manufacturing is hindered by inconsistent efficiency and high costs, contributed by suboptimal delivery methods. Nanoneedles have emerged as an effective delivery approach, enabling highly efficient, non-perturbing gene therapies both in vitro and in vivo.

Enhanced FGF21 Delivery via Neutrophil-Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles Improves Therapeutic Efficacy for Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Acute myocardial infarction, a leading cause of death globally, is often associated with cardiometabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic treatment of these disorders can improve cardiac outcomes, as exemplified by the GLP-1 agonist semaglutide. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a novel metabolic regulator, plays pivotal roles in lipid mobilization and energy conversion, reducing lipotoxicity, inflammation, mitochondrial health, and subsequent tissue damage in organs such as the liver, pancreas, and heart.

GLP-1 as a regulator of sepsis outcomes: Insights into cellular metabolism, inflammation, and therapeutic potential.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been widely studied in the context of treating obesity and various forms of metabolic disease. Sepsis is a life-threatening medical emergency characterized by the widespread dysregulation of energy metabolism within cells. The potential for GLP-1 to improve sepsis patient outcomes through improvements in energy metabolism and inflammation has been a focus of growing research interest, with many studies of GLP-1 itself and related compounds, including GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, having explored the impact on sepsis in cells and organs.

Body composition as a potential biomarker of recurrence risk in patients with triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients are at increased risk for recurrence compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. Previous evidence showed that adiposity may contribute to worsened cancer control. Current measures of obesity, such as body-mass index (BMI), are poor surrogates of adiposity, while visceral-to-subcutaneous adiposity ratio (VSR), which can be measured from routine computed tomography (CT) imaging, is a direct adiposity measure.

Effects of compassion fatigue, structural empowerment, and psychological empowerment on the caring behaviours of intensive care unit nurses in China: A structural equation modelling analysis.

Background: Caring behaviours play a pivotal role in nursing. The negative correlation between caring behaviours and compassion fatigue in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been extensively researched. Nevertheless, considerable gaps persist in comprehending the associations of psychological empowerment and structural empowerment with outcomes, particularly in the highly stressful environment of the ICU.

Magic Defect Site for Modulating Electron-Correlated Properties in Monolayer T-NbSe.

Defect engineering provides a precise and controlled approach to modify the localized electronic properties through crystalline interruption. In 2D electron-correlated materials, periodic lattice distortions often coexist with charge density waves (CDWs) and Mott insulating states, which are highly sensitive to local electronic environments. However, the influence of complex, inequivalent defect sites on electron-correlated properties, particularly Mott behavior, remains poorly understood.

Mode Optimization of Microelectromechanical-System Traveling-Wave Ultrasonic Motor Based on Kirigami.

High-quality traveling waves in stators are critical for traveling-wave ultrasonic motors (TUSMs) to achieve good stability and efficiency. However, the modal splitting and shape distortion that is induced by the anisotropic elasticity induce severe traveling wave distortion. In this study, mode optimization based on kirigami is proposed to suppress modal splitting and shape distortion.

Inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome by dephosphorylation at Serine 658 alleviates glial inflammation in the mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a leading neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, contributing to considerable disability worldwide. Current treatments offer only symptomatic relief, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies targeting disease progression. Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in PD pathogenesis, with the NLRP3 inflammasome emerging as a key contributor.

Regulating Cell-Material Interfacial Interactions through Selective Cellular Resistance.

Regulating the behavior of different types of cells at the material-tissue interface is pivotal for inducing tissue regeneration. Traditional methods enhance target cell activity using specific ligands such as peptides and antibodies, which have stability issues within biological environments. Herein, we show that selective cell resistance can be realized by fine-tuning the material surface chemistry, achieving strong cell selectivity superior to that of extracellular matrix peptides.

Artificially Creating Emergent Interfacial Antiferromagnetism and Its Manipulation in a Magnetic van der Waals Heterostructure.

van der Waals (vdW) magnets, with their two-dimensional (2D) atomic structures, provide a unique platform for exploring magnetism on the nanoscale. Although there have been numerous reports on their diverse quantum properties, the emergent interfacial magnetism─artificially created at the interface between two layered magnets─remains largely unexplored. This work presents observations of such emergent interfacial magnetism at the ferromagnet-antiferromagnet interface in a vdW heterostructure.

Optimal Graph Learning-Based Label Propagation for Cross-Domain Image Classification.

Label propagation (LP) is a popular semi-supervised learning technique that propagates labels from a training dataset to a test one using a similarity graph, assuming that nearby samples should have similar labels. However, the recent cross-domain problem assumes that training (source domain) and test data sets (target domain) follow different distributions, which may unexpectedly degrade the performance of LP due to small similarity weights connecting the two domains. To address this problem, we propose optimal graph learning-based label propagation (OGL2P), which optimizes one cross-domain graph and two intra-domain graphs to connect the two domains and preserve domain-specific structures, respectively.

Deep Label Propagation with Nuclear Norm Maximization for Visual Domain Adaptation.

Domain adaptation aims to leverage abundant label information from a source domain to an unlabeled target domain with two different distributions. Existing methods usually rely on a classifier to generate high-quality pseudo-labels for the target domain, facilitating the learning of discriminative features. Label propagation (LP), as an effective classifier, propagates labels from the source domain to the target domain by designing a smooth function over a similarity graph, which represents structural relationships among data points in feature space.

The clinical value of radiomics models based on multi-parameter MRI features in evaluating the different expression status of HER2 in breast cancer.

Background: Accurate preoperative non-invasive assessment of HER2 expression in breast cancer is crucial for personalized treatment and prognostic stratification.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of radiomics models based on multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in distinguishing HER2 expression status in invasive breast cancer.

Material And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of baseline MRI scans and clinical data from 400 patients with breast cancer between January 2018 and December 2019.

Rational design strategy for thermostability enhancement of protein-glutaminase and investigation of the underlying mechanisms.

Protein-Glutaminase (PG) with efficient deamidation ability has shown vital potential in food fields. Enzymes with high thermostability remain active in high-temperature environments, which can be applied to some steps requiring high temperature treatment in food processing, thereby greatly expanding their industrial application. In this study, an efficient comprehensive strategy based on consensus sequence and computer-aid analysis was proposed to develop a combinatorial mutant mPG-5 M (A79S/T97V/S108P/N154D/L156Y), exhibiting a 55.

Qingyi decoction and its active ingredients ameliorate acute pancreatitis by regulating acinar cells and macrophages via NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathways.

Background And Purpose: Macrophage infiltration and activation is a critical step during acute pancreatitis (AP). NLRP3 inflammasomes in macrophages plays a critical role in mediating pancreatic inflammatory responses. Qing-Yi Decoction(QYD)has been used for many years in clinical practice of Nankai Hospital combined with traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Analysis of the composition, characteristics, and antifungal properties of cutin in goji berry fruits at different developmental stages.

Cutin is the main component of the fruit cuticle framework and plays a role in resisting biological stress. However, little is known about the cutin composition and antifungal properties of goji berry ( L.).

Causal relationship between sleep traits and risk of Epilepsy: A Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies have identified a strong correlation between epilepsy and sleep traits, highlighting their interactive relationship. However, no studies have specifically examined the associations between sleep traits and epilepsy. In this context, we conducted a Mendelian Randomization (MR) investigation to explore the causal nature of these associations.

Unraveling the structural evolution of silver plasmonic hotspots for the detection of oxidative ONOO radicals via SERS probe decay.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO) plays a pivotal role in environmental pollution and ecosystem health, necessitating its detection for assessing ecological impacts and risks. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers high sensitivity but is often limited by narrow Raman cross sections of analytes. Specialized molecules can aid SERS detection, but are complex to design and may cause nonspecific reactions in biological systems.

Inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 alleviates hepatic steatosis by enhancing autophagy activation of the AMPK signaling pathway.

Background: The global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has continued to increase annually. Recent studies have indicated that inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) may alleviate hepatic steatosis. However, the precise mechanism warrants further exploration.

Sacubitril/Valsartan partially alleviates myocardial infarction injury by activating the FGF21 signaling pathway via PPARs.

The recent discovery of clinically significant data, alongside novel physiological and pathological occurrences surrounding sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) beyond its approved indications, necessitates an urgent reevaluation of its underlying mechanism of action. In the present investigation, we observed a substantial elevation in the serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who were administered Sac/Val, compared to those who were not, utilizing ELISA-based measurements. Furthermore, through the utilization of a mouse model of myocardial infarction induced by ligation of the left anterior descending branch, we confirmed that FGF21 mediates the cardioprotective effect of Sac/Val, employing both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches.

Dosimetric effects of bladder volume changes in MR-guided radiotherapy for cervical cancer.

Purpose: Bladder volume variations during radiotherapy can significantly influence dose distribution to both target volumes and surrounding organs-at-risk (OARs). This study aims to assess the dosimetric impact of variable bladder volume on the clinical target volume (CTV) and OARs in cervical cancer patients undergoing MR-guided radiotherapy.

Method: A total of 27 cervical cancer patients were included in this study: 12 received radical radiotherapy, and 15 underwent postoperative radiotherapy.