Gastrointestinal langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult presenting with anal protrusion and multiple colorectal ulcers: a case report.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by the proliferation of Langerhans cells, a type of dendritic cell essential for immune response. While LCH predominantly affects children, its manifestation in adults, especially within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is exceedingly rare. We present a unique case of a 56-year-old female with rare GI manifestations of LCH.

Correlated excitonic signatures of individual van der Waals NiPS antiferromagnet nanoflakes.

Composite quasi-particles with emergent functionalities in spintronic and quantum information science can be realized in correlated materials due to entangled charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom. Here we show that by reducing the lateral dimension of correlated antiferromagnet NiPS flakes to tens of nanometers and thickness to less than ten nanometers, we can switch-off the bulk spin-orbit entangled exciton in the near-infrared (1.47 eV) and activate visible-range (1.

CRISPR-GRIT: Guide RNAs with Integrated Repair Templates Enable Precise Multiplexed Genome Editing in the Diploid Fungal Pathogen .

an opportunistic fungal pathogen, causes severe infections in immunocompromised individuals. Limited classes and overuse of current antifungals have led to the rapid emergence of antifungal resistance. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand fungal pathogen genetics to develop new antifungal strategies.

Unusual Case of Fetal Meningocele Mimicking Dacryocystocele.

Meningocele, a rare subtype of cephalocele, can manifest in various positions and exhibit diverse characteristics. On the other hand, dacryocystocele, also a rare anatomical disorder, typically presents as a cyst located between the nose and the eye. Generally, distinguishing between these 2 lesions is not difficult.

Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTLP), a unique variant of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, clinically mimics subcutaneous panniculitis. It is typified by the development of multiple plaques or subcutaneous erythematous nodules, predominantly on the extremities and trunk. Epidemiological findings reveal a greater incidence in females than males, affecting a wide demographic, including pediatric and adult cohorts, with a median onset age of around 30 years.

Lung abnormalities on computed tomography of Vietnamese patients with COVID-19 and the association with medical variables.

Objectives: Patients with COVID-19 may experience a lung injury without presenting clinical symptoms. Early detection of lung injury in patients with COVID-19 is required to enhance prediction and prevent severe progression.

Methods: Lung lesions in patients with COVID-19 were defined using the Fleischner Society terminology.

Engineering a Synthetic Coculture for Compartmentalized Biosynthesis of Isobutyl Butyrate from Mixed Sugars.

Short-chain esters are versatile chemicals that can be used as flavors, fragrances, solvents, and fuels. The ester biosynthesis consists of diverging and converging pathway submodules, which is challenging to engineer to achieve optimal metabolic fluxes and selective product synthesis. Compartmentalizing the pathway submodules into specialist cells that facilitate pathway modularization and labor division is a promising solution.

A Review of Classification, Diagnosis, and Management of Hydrocele.

This article summarizes and updates a number of issues related to hydrocele including anatomy, embryology, classification, etiology, clinical manifestations, imaging findings, and management. Hydrocele is an abnormal collection of serous fluid between the parietal and visceral layers arising from the mesothelial lining of the tunica vaginalis that surrounds the testis and spermatic cord directly. Hydroceles result from an imbalance of secretion and reabsorption of fluid from the tunica vaginalis.

Potency of CRISPR-Cas Antifungals Is Enhanced by Cotargeting DNA Repair and Growth Regulatory Machinery at the Genetic Level.

The emergence of virulent, resistant, and rapidly evolving fungal pathogens poses a significant threat to public health, agriculture, and the environment. Targeting cellular processes with standard small-molecule intervention may be effective but requires long development times and is prone to antibiotic resistance. To overcome the current limitations of antibiotic development and treatment, this study harnesses CRISPR-Cas systems as antifungals by capitalizing on their adaptability, specificity, and efficiency in target design.

Proteomes reveal metabolic capabilities of for biological upcycling of polyethylene into high-value chemicals.

Sustainable processes for biological upcycling of plastic wastes in a circular bioeconomy are needed to promote decarbonization and reduce environmental pollution due to increased plastic consumption, incineration, and landfill storage. Strain characterization and proteomic analysis revealed the robust metabolic capabilities of to upcycle polyethylene into high-value chemicals. Significant proteome reallocation toward energy and lipid metabolisms was required for robust growth on hydrocarbons with n-hexadecane as the preferential substrate.

Rewiring metabolism of Clostridium thermocellum for consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulosic biomass poplar to produce short-chain esters.

Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of lignocellulosic biomass uses cellulolytic microorganisms to enable enzyme production, saccharification, and fermentation to produce biofuels, biochemicals, and biomaterials in a single step. However, understanding and redirecting metabolisms of these microorganisms compatible with CBP are limited. Here, a cellulolytic thermophile Clostridium thermocellum was engineered and demonstrated to be compatible with CBP integrated with a Co-solvent Enhanced Lignocellulosic Fractionation (CELF) pretreatment for conversion of hardwood poplar into short-chain esters with industrial use as solvents, flavors, fragrances, and biofuels.

Gene Coexpression Connectivity Predicts Gene Targets Underlying High Ionic-Liquid Tolerance in Yarrowia lipolytica.

Microbial tolerance to organic solvents such as ionic liquids (ILs) is a robust phenotype beneficial for novel biotransformation. While most microbes become inhibited in 1% to 5% (vol/vol) IL (e.g.

CASPER: An Integrated Software Platform for Rapid Development of CRISPR Tools.

Both academic and enterprise software solutions exist for designing CRISPR targets. They offer advantages when designing guide RNAs (gRNAs) but often focus on a select number of model organisms. Those that offer a wide variety of organisms can be limited in support of alternative endonucleases and downstream analyses such as multitargeting and population analyses to interrogate a microbiome.

Proteome reallocation enables the selective de novo biosynthesis of non-linear, branched-chain acetate esters.

The one-carbon recursive ketoacid elongation pathway is responsible for making various branched-chain amino acids, aldehydes, alcohols, ketoacids, and acetate esters in living cells. Controlling selective microbial biosynthesis of these target molecules at high efficiency is challenging due to enzyme promiscuity, regulation, and metabolic burden. In this study, we present a systematic modular design approach to control proteome reallocation for selective microbial biosynthesis of branched-chain acetate esters.

Traumatic Kidney in a Patient With Unilateral Renal Cystic Disease.

Renal trauma occurring in patients with unilateral renal cystic disease (URCD) is extremely rare. Unilateral renal cystic disease is benign, nonprogressive, nonfamilial, nonencapsulated, and unrelated to cysts in other organs. It should be differentiated from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) parenthesis, multicystic dysplastic kidney disease, multiple renal simple cysts, and cystic renal neoplasms.

Controlling selectivity of modular microbial biosynthesis of butyryl-CoA-derived designer esters.

Short-chain esters have broad utility as flavors, fragrances, solvents, and biofuels. Controlling selectivity of ester microbial biosynthesis has been an outstanding metabolic engineering problem. In this study, we enabled the de novo fermentative microbial biosynthesis of butyryl-CoA-derived designer esters (e.

Probing specificities of alcohol acyltransferases for designer ester biosynthesis with a high-throughput microbial screening platform.

Alcohol acyltransferases (AATs) enables microbial biosynthesis of a large space of esters by condensing an alcohol and an acyl-CoA. However, substrate promiscuity of AATs prevents microbial biosynthesis of designer esters with high selectivity. Here, we developed a high-throughput microbial screening platform that facilitates rapid identification of AATs for designer ester biosynthesis.

Exploring Proteomes of Robust Yarrowia lipolytica Isolates Cultivated in Biomass Hydrolysate Reveals Key Processes Impacting Mixed Sugar Utilization, Lipid Accumulation, and Degradation.

Yarrowia lipolytica is an oleaginous yeast exhibiting robust phenotypes beneficial for industrial biotechnology. The phenotypic diversity found within the undomesticated Y. lipolytica clade from various origins illuminates desirable phenotypic traits not found in the conventional laboratory strain CBS7504 (or W29), which include xylose utilization, lipid accumulation, and growth on undetoxified biomass hydrolysates.

Computational design and analysis of modular cells for large libraries of exchangeable product synthesis modules.

Microbial metabolism can be harnessed to produce a large library of useful chemicals from renewable resources such as plant biomass. However, it is laborious and expensive to create microbial biocatalysts to produce each new product. To tackle this challenge, we have recently developed modular cell (ModCell) design principles that enable rapid generation of production strains by assembling a modular (chassis) cell with exchangeable production modules to achieve overproduction of target molecules.

Enhanced Catalytic Activities of TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays Co-Sensitized with Pt/CdS/ZnS via Electrodeposition and Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) Method Approach.

In this work, we have synthesized a nanocomposite ZnS/CdS/Pt/TiO₂ nanotube arrays (denoted ZCP-NTAs). Firstly, TiO₂ nanotube array (NTAs) material was fabricated by the anodic method of a titanium plate in an electrolyte solution containing 0.35 M NaHSO₄ and 0.

Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation: A Pictorial Review of Diagnosis and Management.

Uterine arteriovenous malformation (UAVM) is a rare condition and is classified as either congenital or acquired UAVM. Patients with UAVMs usually experience miscarriages or recurrent menorrhagia. Ultrasound is used for the initial estimation of UAVMs.

Identification and characterization of proteins of unknown function (PUFs) in Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1313 strains as potential genetic engineering targets.

Background: Mass spectrometry-based proteomics can identify and quantify thousands of proteins from individual microbial species, but a significant percentage of these proteins are unannotated and hence classified as proteins of unknown function (PUFs). Due to the difficulty in extracting meaningful metabolic information, PUFs are often overlooked or discarded during data analysis, even though they might be critically important in functional activities, in particular for metabolic engineering research.

Results: We optimized and employed a pipeline integrating various "guilt-by-association" (GBA) metrics, including differential expression and co-expression analyses of high-throughput mass spectrometry proteome data and phylogenetic coevolution analysis, and sequence homology-based approaches to determine putative functions for PUFs in Clostridium thermocellum.

Engineering promiscuity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase for microbial designer ester biosynthesis.

Robust and efficient enzymes are essential modules for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies across biological systems to engineer whole-cell biocatalysts. By condensing an acyl-CoA and an alcohol, alcohol acyltransferases (AATs) can serve as interchangeable metabolic modules for microbial biosynthesis of a diverse class of ester molecules with broad applications as flavors, fragrances, solvents, and drop-in biofuels. However, the current lack of robust and efficient AATs significantly limits their compatibility with heterologous precursor pathways and microbial hosts.