Comparative genomics of canine parvovirus in South America: Diversification patterns in local populations.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a significant pathogen in domestic dogs worldwide, causing a severe and often fatal disease. CPV comprises three antigenic variants (2a, 2b, and 2c) distributed unevenly among several phylogenetic groups. The present study compared genetic variability and evolutionary patterns in South American CPV populations.

Social determinants of inflammatory markers linking depression and type 2 diabetes among women: A scoping review.

Objective: Inflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is linked to social determinants of health (SDoH) associated with socioeconomic disadvantage. The objective of this review is to identify and map the range of SDoHs associated with inflammation in depression, T2D, or their co-occurrence among women.

Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Web of Science were searched March-July 2023 to identify studies where 1) an SDoH was a predictor or independent variable, 2) depression or T2D was a clinical focus, 3) inflammatory markers were collected, and 4) analysis was specific to women.

Leveraging biosocial methods to examine and address structural determinants of health and promote health equity.

Background: Biosocial approaches in nursing research have largely focused on the ways that social determinants of health influence individual-level outcomes, including symptom management, family and social support, and educational interventions.

Purpose: Theoretical, methodological, and practical strategies are needed to expand current biosocial methods for nursing science and focus on upstream, structural determinants of health and the policies that underlie health inequities.

Methods: This paper summarizes presentations given at the 2023 Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science Advanced Methods Conference, Biosocial Methods to Advance Health Equity, in a panel titled "Individual, community, systems and policy related to biosocial methods.

The CARING study: Examining biological, behavioral, and genetic mechanisms in the intergenerational transmission of toxic stress.

When children experience extreme or persistent stressors (e.g., maltreatment, housing insecurity, intimate partner violence), prolonged elevation of the stress-response system can lead to disrupted development of multiple physiological systems.

Development of an accurate and rapid method for whole genome characterization of canine parvovirus.

Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious pathogen affecting domestic dogs and other carnivores globally. Monitoring CPV through continuous genomic surveillance is crucial for mapping variability and developing effective control measures. Here, we developed a method using multiplex-PCR-next-generation sequencing to obtain full-length CPV genomes directly from clinical samples.

Participation in an Attachment-Based Home Visiting Program Is Associated with Lower Child Salivary C-Reactive Protein Levels at Follow-Up.

Objective: Exposure to early childhood adversity is associated with an increased risk for physiological disruption, including increased inflammation. Early interventions that support the mother-child relationship have been shown to potentially buffer negative psychosocial outcomes related to early adversity, but it is unclear whether these interventions have long-term biological effects. We evaluated whether prior participation in Minding the Baby® (MTB), an attachment-based home visiting intervention for young mother-infant dyads living in underserved communities, is associated with lower child salivary inflammatory biomarkers compared with controls at follow-up.

Development of objective performance metrics for ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein cannulation on behalf of the College of Anaesthesiologists of Ireland and observation of scores amongst novice and experienced operators.

Background: Ultrasound-guided, internal jugular venous (IJV) cannulation is a core technical skill for anaesthesiologists and intensivists.

Objectives: At a modified Delphi panel meeting, to define and reach consensus on a set of objective ultrasound-guided IJV cannulation performance metrics on behalf of the College of Anaesthesiologists of Ireland (CAI). To use these metrics to objectively score video recordings of novice and experienced anaesthesiologists.

Detection and genome characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 P.6 lineage in dogs and cats living with Uruguayan COVID-19 patients.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in domestic animals have occurred from the beginning of the pandemic to the present time. Therefore, from the perspective of One Health, investigating this topic is of global scientific and public interest.

Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic animals whose owners had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

-D-inositol Trisphosphate Signalling in Oomycetes.

Oomycetes are pathogens of plants and animals, which cause billions of dollars of global losses to the agriculture, aquaculture and forestry sectors each year. These organisms superficially resemble fungi, with an archetype being , the cause of late blight of tomatoes and potatoes. Comparison of the physiology of oomycetes with that of other organisms, such as plants and animals, may provide new routes to selectively combat these pathogens.

Origin and spreading of canine morbillivirus in South America.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a Morbillivirus (Canine morbillivirus) that greatly impacts domestic and wildlife carnivores worldwide. The CDV RNA genome has high genetic variability, evidenced by several lineages that follow a global geographic pattern. The evolutionary trajectories and population dynamics of CDV lineages are still unclear and debatable, particularly in South America, where relatively few sequences are available.

Robotic colorectal surgery in elderly patients: A single-centre experience.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes in elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years) undergoing robotic colorectal surgery (RCRS) in comparison with non-elderly patients.

Materials And Methods: Data was collected on elderly and non-elderly patients who underwent RCRS from a prospectively maintained database.

Results: A total of 89 elderly and 73 non-elderly patients were identified.

Adapting the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework to understand the association between stigma and sleep deficiency: A systematic review.

Objective: Sleep deficiency and sleep disorders disproportionally affect socially disadvantaged and marginalized individuals and groups. Recent evidence suggests that stigma, a social process characterized by labeling, stereotyping, and prejudice, is associated with sleep characteristics.

Purpose: Guided by the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework, the purpose of this systematic review is to describe associations between dimensions of stigma and sleep deficiency and to identify future directions for research.

Associations Between Diaper Need and Child Sleep in Under-resourced Families.

Objective: Sleep is critical for child health, but factors related to poverty create barriers to the achievement of healthful sleep. In this study, we examined the associations of insufficient diaper supply, a measure of material hardship, with child sleep.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 129 parents of very young children.

Using probabilistic record linkage and propensity-score matching to identify a community-based comparison population.

In retrospective cohort studies of interventions disseminated to communities, it is challenging to find comparison groups with high-quality data for evaluation. We present one methodological approach as part of our study of birth outcomes of second-born children in a home visiting (HV) program targeting first-time mothers. We used probabilistic record linkage to link Connecticut's Nurturing Families Network (NFN) HV program and birth-certificate data for children born from 2005 to 2015.

Consecutive deletions in a unique Uruguayan SARS-CoV-2 lineage evidence the genetic variability potential of accessory genes.

Deletions frequently occur in the six accessory genes of SARS-CoV-2, but most genomes with deletions are sporadic and have limited spreading capability. Here, we analyze deletions in the ORF7a of the N.7 lineage, a unique Uruguayan clade from the Brazilian B.

Early life adversity and males: Biology, behavior, and implications for fathers' parenting.

Fathers have an important and unique influence on child development, but influences on fathers' parenting have been vastly understudied in the scientific literature. In particular, very little empirical research exists on the effects of early life adversity (ELA; e.g.

Birth-Related Outcomes for Second Children Following Home Visiting Program Enrollment for New Parents of First Children.

Introduction: Home visiting (HV) programs aim to promote child and family health through perinatal intervention. HV may benefit second children through improving subsequent pregnancy and birth outcomes. However, HV impacts on birth outcomes of second children have not been examined in a naturalistic setting.

Diaper Need as a Measure of Material Hardship During COVID-19.

Background: Diaper need is a lack of reliable access to a sufficient quantity of diaper supplies. It is an essential pediatric social determinant of health measure that is useful for exploring the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on families of young children.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the predictors of diaper need and the associations between diaper need and psychosocial outcomes among underresourced families with neurodiverse children.

Synchronous caecal and sigmoid volvulus: a surprise twist.

Traditionally, caecal volvulus (CV) and sigmoid volvulus (SV) have been thought of as largely separate clinical entities with distinct clinical features, radiological findings and treatment strategies. We present a rare case of synchronous CV and SV. To our knowledge, this represents only the ninth such case in the literature.

Robotic versus laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a case-matched study.

The current gold standard surgical treatment for right colonic malignancy is the laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (LRH). However, laparoscopic surgery has limitations which can be overcome by robotic surgery. The benefits of robotics for rectal cancer are widely accepted but its use for right hemicolectomy remains controversial.

Peritoneal defect herniation causing small bowel obstruction: a rare complication of transabdominal preperitoneal repair.

Laparoscopic approaches to inguinal hernia repair are becoming increasingly more popular as they offer many advantages to open techniques including faster recovery and lower rates of wound infection. However, it is important to recognize complications associated with newer techniques which only become apparent with increased volume and experience. In this report, we describe a rare case of small bowel obstruction (SBO) secondary to peritoneal defect herniation post-transabdominal preperitoneal repair (TAPP).

Maternal Experiences of Racial Discrimination, Child Indicators of Toxic Stress, and the Minding the Baby Early Home Visiting Intervention.

Background: Racism is a significant source of toxic stress and a root cause of health inequities. Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to vicarious racism (i.e.

Racial Discrimination, Mental Health, and Parenting Among African American Mothers of Preschool-Aged Children.

Objective: Indirect exposure to racism experienced by a caregiver (ie, vicarious racism) is associated with poor outcomes for children, but mechanisms of vicarious racism transmission are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between experiences of racial discrimination and parenting among African American mothers and to identify psychological mediators and moderators of this relationship.

Method: African American mothers (N = 250) with young children (mean age = 3.

A systematic review of the association between sleep health and stress biomarkers in children.

Sleep is intimately linked with the stress response system. While the evidence for this connection has been systematically reviewed in the adult literature, to our knowledge no studies have examined this relationship in young children. Recent scientific interest in understanding the effects of adverse environments in early childhood, including an emphasis on understanding the role of sleep, highlights the importance of synthesizing the current evidence on the relationship between sleep and the stress response system in early childhood.