Outcome after vaginal delivery of women with a previous medical history of surgically corrected anorectal malformations: a systematic review.

Objective: Discussion remains on how to advise women with a past medical history of surgically corrected anorectal malformations (ARMs) regarding vaginal delivery. The aim of this review is to evaluate and review the reported obstetrical complications and outcomes after vaginal delivery for these women.

Data Sources: A systematic search was performed from inception up to 25 July 2022 in PubMed, Embase.

A Bartholin's gland with nodules and cysts bathed in mucus.

The most common pathology of the Bartholin's gland is with its draining duct. Marsupialisation or fistulisation are the most common therapies. In some women, the clinical problem is with the Bartholin's gland itself, being hyperplasia with or without duct rupture in the subcutaneous tissue.

Backgrounds of women applying for hymen reconstruction, the effects of counselling on myths and misunderstandings about virginity, and the results of hymen reconstruction.

ABSTRACT Objective To study the backgrounds of women requesting hymen 'repair', to assess the effects of extensive counselling, and the effects of hymen reconstruction. Methods A two-centre qualitative study, consisting of a semi-structured interview, education, discussion of alternatives, and instructions for self-examination (first visit), educational examination (second visit), decision on operation or alternative (third visit), and follow-up (fourth visit). Results Eighty-two women were interviewed at first visit.