Antibiotic use in infants at risk of early-onset sepsis: results from a unicentric retrospective cohort study.

Background: Antibiotic use for early-onset sepsis represents a high percentage of antibiotic consumption in the neonatal setting. Measures to assess infants at risk of early-onset sepsis are needed to optimize antibiotic use. Our primary objective was to assess the impact of a departmental guideline on antibiotic use among term infants with suspected EOS not confirmed, in our neonatal unit.

Health care-associated infections in neonatology.

Health care-associated infections are common in neonatology, but there is no consensus on their definitions. This makes it difficult to compare their incidence or assess the effectiveness of prevention bundles. This is why we think it is very important to achieve a consensus on the definitions and diagnostic criteria for one of the most frequent causes of morbidity in hospitalised neonates.

Short-course antibiotic therapy for pneumonia in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Objective: To determine the adherence and safety outcomes of a 5-day antibiotic course with a "time-out" for treatment of "blood culture-negative" pneumonia in the NICU.

Study Design: Prospective surveillance of all infants diagnosed with pneumonia at 7 NICUs from 8/2020-12/2021. Safety outcomes were defined a priori by re-initiation of antibiotic therapy within 14 days after discontinuation and overall and sepsis-related mortality.

Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for possible early-onset sepsis in the NICU.

Objective: On 2/2019, the Neonatal Antimicrobial Stewardship Program at Nationwide Children's Hospital recommended reducing empirical antibiotic therapy for early-onset sepsis (EOS) from 48 to 24 hours with a TIME-OUT. We describe our experience with this guideline and assess its safety.

Methods: Retrospective review of newborns evaluated for possible EOS at 6 NICUs from 12/2018-7/2019.

Determining Time to Positivity of Blood Cultures in a Neonatal Unit.

Blood cultures are the gold standard for detecting bacteremia. We have studied the time to positivity of blood cultures in our neonatal unit to reduce antibiotic doses in patients with a negative blood culture. Empirical antibiotic treatment of neonatal sepsis could be withdrawn 24 hours after obtaining blood cultures.

A global point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use in neonatal intensive care units: The no-more-antibiotics and resistance (NO-MAS-R) study.

Background: Global assessment of antimicrobial agents prescribed to infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may inform antimicrobial stewardship efforts.

Methods: We conducted a one-day global point prevalence study of all antimicrobials provided to NICU infants. Demographic, clinical, and microbiologic data were obtained including NICU level, census, birth weight, gestational/chronologic age, diagnoses, antimicrobial therapy (reason for use; length of therapy), antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), and 30-day in-hospital mortality.

Neonates Born to Mothers With COVID-19: Data From the Spanish Society of Neonatology Registry.

Objectives: To describe neonatal and maternal characteristics of the largest prospective cohort of newborns from mothers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the data of which were prospectively collected from the nationwide registry of the Spanish Society of Neonatology.

Methods: Between March 8, 2020, and May 26, 2020, the data of 503 neonates born to 497 mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 during pregnancy or at the time of delivery were collected by 79 hospitals throughout Spain.

Results: Maternal symptoms were similar to that of the general population, with 5% of severe forms.

Neonatal Infection Due to SARS-CoV-2: An Epidemiological Study in Spain.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continue to increase worldwide. Although some data from pediatric series are available, more evidence is required, especially in neonates, a group with specific characteristics that deserve special attention. This study aimed to describe general and clinical characteristics, management, and treatment of postnatal-acquired (community and nosocomial/hospital-acquired) COVID-19 neonatal cases in Spain.

Breastfeeding Support in Spanish Neonatal Intensive Care Units and the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative.

Background: The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) has a positive effect on breastfeeding in maternity wards; however, few studies have examined to what degree it affects care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Recently, the BFHI has been adapted to the NICUs (Neo-BFHI).

Objective: This study aimed to compare breastfeeding support in Spanish NICUs in hospitals with BFHI accreditation or in the process of being accredited (group 1) with NICUs in hospitals that have not yet begun this initiative (group 2).

Oral care in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Objective: Compare the oral colonization profile of premature infants admitted at NICU before and after doing oral care routine with sterile water versus no intervention.

Methods: It was a randomized clinical trial composed of 37 premature infants admitted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) with a birth weight (BW) <1500 g. They were distributed in two groups: the study group (SG) with 15 patients who received an oral hygiene with sterile water; and a control group (CG) (no intervention) formed by 22 patients.

[Feeding practices with human milk in newborns less than 1.500 g or less than 32 weeks].

Introduction: There is currently no unified policy on either breastfeeding support or enteral nutrition practices, as regards human milk (HM) in pre-term newborns. The aim of this study was to describe breastfeeding support measures, as well as the use of HM in very preterm infants in Spanish public hospitals.

Method: A questionnaire on enteral feeding practices was distributed.

Postcesarean Section Skin-to-Skin Contact of Mother and Child.

The first hour postpartum is critical for long-term, healthy development. At 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain, we developed and implemented a multidisciplinary strategy based on a consensual, participatory protocol for all health care professionals involved in cesarean deliveries. Our aims were 2-fold: the initiation of skin-to-skin (StS) contact with the newborn immediately after birth, regardless of the feeding method chosen, and the recognition of the importance of a companion present for support during the cesarean section (father or other designated by the mother).