HLA-C*07 is associated with symptomatic HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and immune dysregulation.

Background: HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in stable patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) may result from ongoing immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation. A contributing factor may result from the unstable HLA class I allele, HLA-C*07.

Objective: To assess the genetic profile of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), human leukocyte antigens (HLA), and immune activation or senescence markers and their association with HAND in stable HIV-1 patients receiving ART.

Immunological Risk Stratification of Bladder Cancer Based on Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cell Biomarkers.

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is highly immunogenic. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy offers the best results in non-muscle-invasive BC (NMIBC). Natural killer cells (NKcs) play decisive roles in BCG-mediated immune response and in general cancer immune-surveillance.

Activating KIRs on Educated NK Cells Support Downregulation of CD226 and Inefficient Tumor Immunosurveillance.

Therapies using NK cells (NKc) expanded/activated or stimulated with new immunostimulatory agents offer alternative opportunities for patients with recurrent/refractory tumors, but relevant biomarkers to guide the selection of patients are required for optimum results. Overall survival of 249 solid cancer patients was evaluated in relation to the genetics and/or the expression on peripheral blood NKcs of inhibitory and activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (iKIR and aKIR, respectively), HLA class I ligands, CD226 (also known as DNAM-1), and NKG2A. Compared with patients with higher expression, patients with low expression of CD226 on total NKcs showed shorter mean overall survival (60.

T cell senescence predicts subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients similarly to traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the predictive capacity of T cell activation/senescence in subclinical atherosclerosis (SCA) in a group of HIV-infected patients. So, a cross-sectional analysis was performed on 91 long-term triple-ART therapy HIV-infected patients from an observational and prospective cohort. Carotid Intima Media Thickness (cIMT) was measured.

NK Cell Education in Tumor Immune Surveillance: DNAM-1/KIR Receptor Ratios as Predictive Biomarkers for Solid Tumor Outcome.

Natural killer cell (NKc)-based therapies offer promising outcomes in patients with tumors, but they could improve with appropriate selection of donors and optimization of methods to expand NKcs Education through licensing interactions of inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (iKIR) and NKG2A with their cognate HLA class-I ligands optimizes NKc functional competence. This work has evaluated the role of licensing interactions in NKc differentiation and the survival of cancer patients. We have analyzed KIR and KIR-ligand genes, and the expression of activating (CD16 and DNAM-1/CD226) and inhibitory (NKG2A and iKIRs) receptors on peripheral blood NKcs in 621 healthy controls and 249 solid cancer patients (80 melanoma, 80 bladder, and 89 ovarian).