Experiences of genetic counselors in referring young and metastatic breast cancer patients to support services: A needs assessment.

Objective: Conduct a needs assessment to explore the experiences, barriers, and needs of genetic counselors (GCs), who counsel and refer young and metastatic breast cancer (BC) patients to support services, in order to develop resources to address any noticeable gaps.

Methods: GCs providing care to BC patients were eligible to complete the survey. Support services were defined as resources to address patient-centered healthcare, emotional, and quality-of-life needs.

Utilization, Timing, and Outcomes of BRCA Genetic Testing Among Women With Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer From a National Commercially Insured Population: The ABOARD Study.

Purpose: To evaluate timing and outcomes of BRCA testing and definitive surgical treatment among patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.

Methods: Patient-reported (n = 1,381) and deidentified health-plan (n = 2,369) data were analyzed from a consecutive national series of 3,750 women whose healthcare providers ordered BRCA testing between March 2014 and June 2015, within 1 year following breast cancer diagnosis.

Results: Among 1,209 respondents, 54.

Automated liquid handling and high-throughput preparation of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA for microarray fabrication.

Genome-wide studies of gene expression and transcription factor-binding sites using DNA microarrays are leading to new systems level insights. The massively parallel nature of microarrays presents technical challenges: fabricating high-quality microarrays at the front end and data analysis and interpretation downstream. A principal challenge in fabricating microarrays is preparation of the DNA samples.

Small, efficient hammerhead ribozymes.

The hammerhead ribozyme is able to cleave RNA in a sequence-specific manner. These ribozymes are usually designed with four basepairs in helix II, and with equal numbers of nucleotides in the 5' and 3' hybridizing arms that bind the RNA substrate on either side of the cleavage site. Here guidelines are given for redesigning the ribozyme so that it is small, but retains efficient cleavage activity.

RNA hairpin loops repress protein synthesis more strongly than hammerhead ribozymes.

A general study has been carried out to determine how well hammerhead ribozymes might reduce levels of specific protein synthesis in living cells, compared with RNA hairpin loops as stable but noncleaving controls. Four different experiments are described. First, a wide variety of hammerhead ribozymes, as well as hairpin loops, was cloned into a gene-expression cassette for beta-galactosidase, upstream of the coding sequences for that reporter gene, and expressed from plasmids in several strains of Escherichia coli.

Selected classes of minimised hammerhead ribozyme have very high cleavage rates at low Mg2+ concentration.

In vitro selection was used to enrich for highly efficient RNA phosphodiesterases within a size-constrained (18 nt) ribonucleotide domain. The starting population (g0) was directed in trans against an RNA oligonucleotide substrate immobilised to an avidin-magnetic phase. Four rounds of selection were conducted using 20 mM Mg2+to fractionate the population on the basis of divalent metal ion-dependent phosphodiesterase activity.

Total wrist arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis. A long-term clinical review.

Fourteen total wrist arthroplasties performed in 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis between 1978 and 1982 were reviewed to evaluate long term outcome. Most patients had Stages III or IV rheumatoid arthritis at the time of surgery. Pain was the primary presenting complaint in 87%.

Identification of a novel tissue-specific processed HPRT gene and comparison with X-linked gene transcription in the Australian marsupial Macropus robustus.

The genome of the Australian marsupial Macropus robustus contains a highly conserved processed hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase homologue, HPRT-2. Using the techniques of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein isoelectric focusing (IEF) we have shown this processed gene to be fully functional, but liver specific. In contrast, the unprocessed X-linked parent gene HPRT-1 was expressed in all somatic tissues.

Long-term results of cemented total hip arthroplasty in patients 45 years old or younger. A 16-year follow-up study.

Forty-nine cemented total hip arthroplasties in patients younger than 45 years were reviewed, with an average follow-up period of 16.2 years. The results were compared with the same group previously reported at average follow-up periods of 4.

Physiotherapy with alcohol and drug dependent patients: implications for general settings.

This article focuses on some of the problems presented by alcohol and drug dependent patients and how physiotherapists can respond to them. Approaches used on the Medical Ward of the Clinical Institute of the Addiction Research Foundation (ARF) are presented. The attitude of the physiotherapist toward addictions is important, both in the rehabilitation of the patient's physical problem and in the treatment of his/her alcohol or drug problem.

Total hip arthroplasties in patients younger than 45 years. A nine- to ten-year follow-up study.

Eighty-one cemented total hip arthroplasties in patients younger than 45 years were reviewed with an average 9.2-year follow-up interval. The results were compared with the same group previously reported at an average follow-up time of 4.

The bipolar endoprosthesis and bone graft in the management of aseptic acetabular component loosening.

Ten patients with large acetabular defects underwent hip arthroplasty revision with the use of allografts in conjunction with a bipolar prosthesis. Six patients had solid femoral head allografts and the others, morselized allografts. Radiographs at 2-year follow up showed an average of 8 mm of superior migration and 4 mm of medial migration.

The potential use of implanted radiolabelled bovine nasal cartilage in dialysis tubing to evaluate agents affecting cartilage degradation in vivo.

Cartilage which undergoes extensive autolysis in vitro (spontaneous or stimulated) is characterized by proteoglycan loss. Experimental conditions and inhibitor profils studies suggest neutral metalloproteinases induce the autolysis. In these preliminary studies we compared the degradation of Na2 35SO4 labeled bovine nasal cartilage (BNC) plugs placed in dialysis tubing in vitro and in vivo.

Interleukin-1 induces chondrocyte protease production: the development of collagenase inhibitors.

Supernatants from the P388D1 macrophage cell line as well as human interleukin-1 (IL-1) stimulated primary rabbit articular chondrocytes to produce collagen- (C-ase) and proteoglycan- (PG-ase) degrading proteases. The P388D1 derived factor had a molecular weight of 16,000-20,000 and a pI of 4.5-5.

Progesterone receptor of adult rabbit lung.

Properties of progestin binding sites in adult male rabbit lung cytosol were analyzed using [3H] promegestone ([3H]R5020). At concentrations of 0.05-10 nM, [3H]R5020 bound to two saturable sites with differing affinities: a high affinity site (Kd = 0.

Interleukin-1 stimulates the secretion of proteoglycan- and collagen-degrading proteases by rabbit articular chondrocytes.

Supernatants from the P388D1 murine macrophage cell line as well as commercially prepared human interleukin-1 (IL-1) stimulated primary rabbit articular chondrocytes to produce collagen- and proteoglycan-degrading proteases. The P388D1-derived factor had a molecular weight of 16,000-20,000 and a pI of 4.5-5.

Proteoglycan- and collagen-degrading enzymes from human interleukin 1-stimulated chondrocytes from several species: proteoglycanase and collagenase inhibitors as potentially new disease-modifying antiarthritic agents.

Human IL-1-stimulated chondrocytes derived from rabbit, bovine, and human articular cartilage produce proteoglycan- and collagen-degrading enzymes. These studies demonstrate that the biological activity of IL-1 is not species specific. Several thiol, carboxyalkyl, and hydroxamic acid peptide inhibitors showed differential effects.

Lack of response of rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes to interleukin-1 to produce proteoglycan- and collagen-degrading enzymes.

Chondrocytes obtained from rat articular cartilage and Swarm rat chondrosarcoma were maintained in culture. Human interleukin-1 (IL-1) was added at confluency, and three days later the spent media was evaluated for proteoglycan- and collagen-degrading enzymes. Unlike chondrocytes from articular cartilage from several species, chondrocytes from Swarm rat chondrosarcoma did not respond to IL-1 stimulation.

Resection arthroplasty following infected total hip replacement arthroplasty.

Thirty-nine patients with 41 hips with resection arthroplasty for infected total hip replacement arthroplasty were evaluated for functional level and factors that contribute to that level. Eighty-three percent were either minimal community ambulators or nonambulators, and only two patients walked without assistive devices. At last follow-up, 93% of the patients had pain in their hips.

On the mechanism of histamine-induced bronchodilation in conscious guinea-pigs.

The bronchodilatory effect of histamine was evaluated in a conscious guinea-pig model of cholinergically mediated bronchoconstriction. The H1, bronchoconstrictor, property of histamine was masked using high doses of the H1-antagonist chlorpheniramine (30 mg/kg), and the bronchodilatory activity evaluated by observing the increase in latency to collapse induced by aerosol methacholine. Under these conditions, histamine (1.

Population estimates from longitudinal records in otherwise data-deficient settings.

Existing methods for estimating population parameters in settings of data deficiency do not provide techniques for analysis of commonly available longitudinal data. In setting where complete population data is unavailable, longitudinal data recorded for only a subset of the total population are often available (e.g.

Total hip arthroplasties in patients less than forty-five years old.

We studied the cases of eighty-one patients (108 total hip arthroplasties), ranging in age from fourteen to forty-five years, at an average of 4.5 years after the index operation and evaluated them with regard to six major factors: age, disease, Charnley category, prior operations, length of time since arthroplasty, and quality of the arthroplasty with regard to cementing technique and component position. After two to five years 78 per cent were satisfactory, but after five years or more only 72 per cent were satisfactory.