Military Veterans' End of Life: Supporting Them in Their Last Deployment.

More than 600,000 U.S. Veterans die from illness each year.

The Risks, Invisibility, and Health Issues Facing Women Veterans Who Are Homeless.

Women veterans may experience a variety of traumatizing events and conditions before, during, and after their military service, such as intimate partner violence, military sexual trauma, moral injury, and posttraumatic stress disorder. These experiences put them at greater risk for significant behavioral and physical health sequelae, which can be associated with difficulty with civilian reintegration and complexities around homelessness. Homeless women military veterans are often uncounted, undergo different environmental situations than their male counterparts, and are vulnerable to sexual violence and unintended pregnancies.

Nursing Care of Women Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars.

The Iraq and Afghanistan wars are unlike earlier wars, and the women veterans who have served in them are unlike veterans of earlier wars. Now these veterans are presenting with distinctive general, genitourinary, reproductive, and behavioral health issues. When seeking health care after deployment, they may be accessing multiple health care providers across numerous sites, including the Veterans Health Administration and civilian facilities.

Content Validity of a Screening Instrument for Breast Cancer Early Detection Among Asian American Women: The Cultural Health and Screening Mammography Belief Scale.

Background And Purpose: Asian American women have the lowest mammography screening rate in the United States. There is no standardized instrument available to measure their cultural beliefs regarding screening mammography. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the content validity of the Cultural Health and Screening Mammography Belief Scale (CHSMBS) developed for this population.

Older Military Veteran Care: Many Still Believe They Are Forgotten.

Background: Almost 44% of our nation's 23 million men and women veterans are 65 years of age or older. Most are proud of their service, yet many believe their services for our country were forgotten, especially those in combat between 1950 and 1975.

Purpose: Further information to ultimately assist their holistic well-being will be important for nursing practice as countless older veterans are beginning to obtain more care within civilian facilities.

Person-centered older military veteran care when there are consequences.

The consequences of each war present themselves in many ways and differently within a veteran's lifetime. For civilian nurses to give applicable, vital care to the older veteran, they need to deeply appreciate the military culture, the strength of the ethos, as well as the various health concerns connected with the individual war/conflict. Attentiveness to the evolving health issues of older veterans are a priority at a time when many personal developmental changes are also creating life stressors for the Vietnam veterans and they are often presenting to civilian health facilities for their care.

Advocating for Deployed Women Veterans' Health Differences, Difficulties, and Disparities.

Problem: The preceding article presented a glimpse of deployed women veterans, their military culture, and their experiences in the Global War on Terror (Iraq and Afghanistan) to assist civilian nurses to gain significant rapport and provide important culturally sensitive care.

Methods: Pertinent literary sources were reviewed to gather applicable data about the problem.

Findings: A confirmatory answer from the assessment question of "Have you served in the military?" and the use of the Military Health History Pocket Card for Clinicians (available at http://www.

Deployed Women Veterans: Important Culturally Sensitive Care.

Problem: Today, with almost 23 million veterans in the nation, and currently only about 10 million, or less, of them seeking active services associated with the Veterans Administration (VA) health facilities, these men and women veterans will be seeking some, more, or even all of their health care over their life time in civilian-based facilities.

Methods: Pertinent literary sources were reviewed to gather applicable data about the problem.

Findings: Every patient that enters your health facility should be asked an essential assessment question: "Have you served in the military?" Importantly, to gain effective rapport when they present, civilian nurses will need to anticipate their health needs and provide culturally sensitive care.

Preparing staff to care for veterans in a way they need and deserve.

More than 2.5 million military veterans have been deployed for service in Iraq and/or Afghanistan, whereas another 20 million veterans currently reside in the United States. For various reasons, increasing numbers of military and associated personnel from various wars could go to civilian population-based care facilities for their rest-of-life health care.

Opportunities, hurdles, solutions, and approaches to transition military veterans into professional nursing programs.

Capitalizing on the almost 2.2 million service members returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom and New Dawn (OIF) in Iraq, and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan, baccalaureate educators are encouraged to create realistic, applicable nursing transitional programs for the health and health-related oriented military veterans. Opportunities, hurdles, and solutions related to the veteran's unique socio-economic circumstances of education, finances, and advisement are provided so the potential veteran student is successful within the university's milieu.

Roles and responsibilities of the nursing scholar.

Scholarship is an important facet of the nursing profession. There are many components, virtues, and roles and responsibilities of a nursing scholar practicing in today's ever-changing health care environment. Scholarship was redefined by Boyer to include scholarly activities in addition to research.

The Lived Experience of Female Veterans Deployed to the Gulf War II.

Purpose: The purpose of this inquiry is to discover the experiences of female veterans in order to understand the impacts of combat on their physical and mental health, and to shed light on directions for future research. The research question for this inquiry is: What is the lived experience of female combat veterans who deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan from 2001 through 2013?

Methods: The methodology used in this qualitative inquiry is a descriptive phenomenological approach using Husserl's philosophical framework. Colaizzi's method was used for data analysis.

Deployment and PTSD in the female combat veteran: a systematic review.

Background: The number of females serving in the Gulf War has risen and continues to be a rapidly growing group. Females occupy a wide range of roles and face a myriad of challenges as they serve alongside their male counterparts in almost every role. Females are also facing redeployment, multiple deployments, and/or extended deployments.

Encountering women veterans with military sexual trauma.

Purpose: As women veterans (WVs) are returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom with military sexual trauma (MST), the purpose of this article is twofold. First, important exploratory questions that can assist with a thorough assessment and history are presented as well as the applicable treatment for any new, recurrent, or unresolved symptoms that involve MST.

Design And Methods: Review of multiple literary materials, as well as a clinical situation.

Veterans' health care considerations for today's nursing curricula.

Although there have been several wars and conflicts since World War I, the escalating numbers of veterans since that time is now evident. Extraordinary survival results have evolved from effective triage, trauma treatment, and recovery maneuvers during Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation New Dawn (OIF) in Iraq and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan. Yet even with those results, the number of physical and mentally wounded individuals exceeded 32,000 from OIF and 16,000 from OEF.

Alcohol and mortality from all causes.

A large number of prospective studies have observed an inverse relationship between a moderate intake of alcohol and coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality. Concerning death from all-causes, results are not unanimous. Alcohol intake was associated with a protection of all-cause mortality in England and USA physicians and the large study of the American Cancer Society.

Moderate wine drinkers have lower hypertension-related mortality: a prospective cohort study in French men.

Background: For a given blood pressure, the risk of death from coronary artery disease is much higher in northern Europe and the United States than in Mediterranean countries.

Objective: In this prospective cohort study, we tested the hypothesis that regular wine drinking reduces the hypertension-related risk of death.

Design: We used data from 36 583 healthy middle-aged men who had normal results on an electrocardiogram and were not taking drugs for cardiovascular disease risk factors.

The pharmacodynamic effect of a remifentanil bolus on ventilatory control.

Background: In doses typically administered during conscious sedation, remifentanil may be associated with ventilatory depression. However, the time course of ventilatory depression after an initial dose of remifentanil has not been determined previously.

Methods: In eight healthy volunteers, the authors determined the time course of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide using the dual isohypercapnic technique.

Diphenylhydramine increases ventilatory drive during alfentanil infusion.

Background: Diphenhydramine is used as an antipruritic and antiemetic in patients receiving opioids. Whether it might exacerbate opioid-induced ventilatory depression has not been determined.

Methods: The ventilatory response to carbon dioxide during hyperoxia and the ventilatory response to hypoxia during hypercapnia (end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide [PETCO2] is approximately equal to 54 mmHg) were determined in eight healthy volunteers.

Effect of flumazenil on ventilatory drive during sedation with midazolam and alfentanil.

Background: Patients who receive a combination of a benzodiazepine and an opioid for conscious sedation are at risk for developing respiratory depression. While flumazenil effectively antagonizes the respiratory depression associated with a benzodiazepine alone, its efficacy in the presence of both a benzodiazepine and an opioid has not been established. This study was designed to determine whether flumazenil can reverse benzodiazepine-induced depression of ventilatory drive in the presence of an opioid.

Sevoflurane versus isoflurane: induction and recovery characteristics with single-breath inhaled inductions of anesthesia.

Because of its nonpungent odor and low blood-gas solubility coefficient, sevoflurane might be an ideal drug for single-breath inhaled induction of anesthesia. Fifty ASA grade I-III ambulatory surgical patients (18-76 yr old) received a single-breath induction with either 5.0% sevoflurane or 5.

The use of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for painful procedures in children.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of oral transmucosal fentanyl (OTFC) in providing analgesia and sedation for painful diagnostic procedures in children.

Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Method: Forty-eight children referred to the University Connecticut Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology for bone marrow aspiration or lumbar puncture were randomized to receive either OTFC (15 to 20 micrograms/kg) or a placebo lollipop.

Diphenhydramine enhances the interaction of hypercapnic and hypoxic ventilatory drive.

Background: Although diphenhydramine is frequently used to treat pruritus and nausea in patients who have received neuraxial opioids, there are no data regarding its effect on ventilatory control. We conducted the current study to evaluate the effects of diphenhydramine on hypercapnic and hypoxic ventilatory control in healthy volunteers.

Methods: First, we measured the steady-state ventilatory response to carbon dioxide during hyperoxia with an end-tidal carbon dioxide tension of 46 or 54 mmHg (alternate subjects) in eight healthy volunteers.