The impact of the tumor immune microenvironment and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subgroups on laryngeal cancer prognosis.

The absence of improvement in survival rates across various cancers, including laryngeal cancer, has led to an increasing interest in understanding the immune response to cancer. In head and neck cancers, immune modulatory mechanisms such as immune microenvironment and immune infiltration are important in cancer pathogenesis. This study aims to explore the distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subgroups in the immune microenvironment and evaluate their impact on tumor histopathological characteristics and prognosis.

Comparison of MRI findings of hypothalamic-optic chiasmatic gliomas and craniopharyngiomas.

Background: Differential diagnosis of hypothalamic-optic chiasmatic gliomas (HOCGs) and craniopharyngiomas on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be quite challenging.

Purpose: To compare the MRI features of HOCGs and cranipharyngiomas.

Material And Methods: Patients diagnosed with HOCG or craniopharyngioma in histopathological evaluation between 2012 and 2022 and who underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced brain MRI were included.

Clinicopathological Features of Three Rare Sarcomas of Bone and Soft Tissues.

Certain undifferentiated round cell sarcomas displaying fusion have recently been reported, mostly in the bones. This report presents clinicopathological features of 3 additional fusion sarcomas of bone and soft tissues. We present 2 soft tissue and 1 bone tumors: A 62-year-old man with pain and a slowly growing, 8-cm-sized soft tissue mass in the anterolateral compartment of his right calf, along with multiple pulmonary metastatic lesions; a 63-year-old man with a 5-cm sized axillary mass of 4 months duration and a cystic renal mass; and a 53-year-old man with a complaint of leg pain was found to have a 2-cm diameter, intramedullary, lytic mass in the diaphysis of his left femur.

The Effect of the Ganglionic Segment Inflammatory Response to Postoperative Enterocolitis in Hirschsprung Disease.

Introduction: We examined the relationship between proinflammatory cytokines that occur in the inflammatory reaction in the intestine in Hirschsprung disease (HD) and Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC).

Methods: Thirty cases (M:27, F:3) operated on due to HD. The cases were divided into three groups: group 1 with pre and post operative EC, group 2 with post-operative, and group 3 with pre-operative EC.

Metabolic and other morbid complications in congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4.

Morbidity and mortality rates in patients with autosomal recessive, congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4 (CGL4), an ultra-rare disorder, remain unclear. We report on 30 females and 16 males from 10 countries with biallelic null variants in CAVIN1 gene (mean age, 12 years; range, 2 months to 41 years). Hypertriglyceridemia was seen in 79% (34/43), hepatic steatosis in 82% (27/33) but diabetes mellitus in only 21% (8/44).

Imaging findings of intraventricular pilocytic astrocytoma.

Objective: The aim of this study is to present the clinical and imaging findings of 16 patients with intraventricular pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs).

Methods: 16 patients with histopathological diagnosis of intraventricular PA between February 2016 and January 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. Imaging and clinical findings of the patients, as well as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements were analyzed.

A review of rheumatoid meningitis with case studies.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease involving synovial joints, and it is known that extra-articular manifestations that may affect the central and peripheral nervous systems may develop during its course. Rheumatoid meningitis is very rare among all neurological involvements. In this study, cases diagnosed as rheumatoid meningitis with clinical, imaging, laboratory, and histopathological features are presented, and the aim of the study is to present current approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid meningitis in the light of case studies and current literature.

Case report: Spinal drop metastasis of IDH-mutant, 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendroglioma.

Background: Symptomatic spinal metastases of oligodendroglioma are rare. Moreover, none of the previously published cases demonstrated the typical IDH mutation and 1p/19q-codeletion for this glial tumor. This case presents an IDH mutant, 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendroglioma with multiple spinal drop metastases.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor in a child with Currarino syndrome.

Background: Curarino syndrome is a rare and complex anomaly with the triad of anorectal malformation, presacral mass and sacral bone deformation. The most common cause of the presacral mass is meningioma, but teratoma is the diagnosis in about one-third of the cases. Malignant transformation of teratoma in the form of carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and leukemia have previously been reported on rare occasions.

Ewing Sarcoma Displaying Extensive Well Differentiated Neuroblastomatous Differentiation: A Case Report.

Introduction: A tumor with EWSR1/FLI fusion displaying extensive well differentiated neuroblastomatous differentiation is presented.

Case Report: A nine-year-old female patient had a thoracic vertebra 8 paraspinal mass. The lesion was resected incompletely.

Machine learning as a clinical decision support tool for patients with acromegaly.

Objective: To develop machine learning (ML) models that predict postoperative remission, remission at last visit, and resistance to somatostatin receptor ligands (SRL) in patients with acromegaly and to determine the clinical features associated with the prognosis.

Methods: We studied outcomes using the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) values, which were reported as the performance metric. To determine the importance of each feature and easy interpretation, Shapley Additive explanations (SHAP) values, which help explain the outputs of ML models, are used.

Discrimination between non-functioning pituitary adenomas and hypophysitis using machine learning methods based on magnetic resonance imaging‑derived texture features.

Purpose: Hypophysitis is a heterogeneous condition that includes inflammation of the pituitary gland and infundibulum, and it can cause symptoms related to mass effects and hormonal deficiencies. We aimed to evaluate the potential role of machine learning methods in differentiating hypophysitis from non-functioning pituitary adenomas.

Methods: The radiomic parameters obtained from T1A-C images were used.

Role of Immunohistochemistry in the Differential Diagnosis of Pediatric Renal Tumors: Expression of Cyclin D1, Beta-Catenin , PDGFR-Alpha, and PTEN.

Objective: Pediatric renal tumors overlap histomorphologically and may cause misdiagnosis. We aimed to determine the role of immunohistochemical staining of Cyclin D1, PTEN, beta-catenin and PDGFR-alpha on pediatric renal tumors.

Material And Method: Thirty-six cases of 8 different tumors were included in the study.

T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a novel predictor of surgical remission in newly diagnosed pituitary macroadenomas presenting as acromegaly.

Background: Any preoperative diagnostic assessment that can predict the success of the operation in acromegaly will provide a positive impact on overall remission rates. The aim of this study is to reveal whether the signal intensity in T2-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging can predict postoperative results in acromegaly patients with macroadenoma.

Methods: We analyzed our surgical results in regard to T2-weighted images in newly diagnosed consecutive 124 patients with acromegaly, operated between 2014 and 2019.

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-4 Expression in Pituitary Adenomas is Associated with Aggressive Tumor Features.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-4 (FGFR-4) expression with radiologic, pathologic, and clinical parameters in pituitary adenomas.

Methods: Among 307 patients who underwent pituitary surgery for a pituitary adenoma between 2000 and 2015, we included 161 patients (53 gonadotroph, 26 corticotroph, 25 null cell, 22 lactotroph, 13 somatotroph, 8 adenomas with unusual combination, 7 Pit-1 positive adenomas, and 7 lactosomatotroph) based on availability of pathology specimens. Patients' radiologic, pathologic, and clinical parameters were determined.

The Use of Three-Dimensional Printed Technology for Mandibular Reconstruction in a Rare Case of Giant Odontogenic Myxofibroma.

Odontogenic myxofibroma is a benign odontogenic tumor of mesenchymal tissue that generally originates from the mandible. It is an extremely rare tumor accounting for approximately 2% of all odontogenic tumors. In this report, the authors presented a giant right mandibular mass that extends to the angle of the mandible and displacing the tongue laterally caused significant malocclusion, pain, and impaired oral intake.

Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Prognosis.

Aim: We aimed to show the immunohistochemical expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs).

Materials And Methods: The study includes 52 laryngeal SCC cases that underwent surgical resection. Immunohistochemical staining of PD-L1 (Clone 22C3) was applied to the sections obtained from paraffin blocks.

Chondrosarcoma in the body of the C2 vertebral axis.

Chondrosarcoma, a malignant bone tumor, is rarely encountered in the cervical spine. This article describes a patient whose neck pain and dysphagia were caused by an expansive, destructive lesion with calcification that was located in the body of the axis (C2 vertebra), the first time a chondrosarcoma has been reported in this location.

G-protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor Expression in Growth Hormone Secreting and Non-Functioning Adenomas.

Purpose: To evaluate the expression of G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER1), aromatase, estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in GH-secreting and non-functioning adenomas (NFA).

Methods: Thirty patients with acromegaly and 27 patients with NFA were included. Gene expression was determined via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR).

A follow-up study on outcomes of endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for acromegaly.

Objective: A thorough follow-up study in which the same clinic presents the change in the surgical outcomes of acromegaly over the years, is still lacking in the endoscopic era. In this study, we intended to evaluate the clinical characteristics, radiological features, surgical and late remission rates of newly diagnosed acromegaly patients treated in our clinic between 2014 and 2019 in order to delineate the surgical remission status according to radiological, microscopic, and hormonal features. As a follow-up to our initial report, we also aimed to display the change of surgical remission rates over time in a tertiary center.

The Effect of Intraarticular Insulin on Chondral Defect Repair.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of intraarticular insulin on the treatment of chondral defects.

Design: Twenty-four mature New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups as control (Group 1), microfracture (Group 2), and microfracture and insulin (Group 3). Four-millimeter full-thickness cartilage defects were created to the weight-bearing surface on the medial femoral condyles of each rabbit.

Bilateral Synchronous Testicular Germ Cell Tumors in Children: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Bilateral testicular tumors are very rare in pediatric patients and only a few case reports have been reported. These patients have a high risk of sterility due to bilateral orchiectomy and subsequent gonadotoxic treatments. Therefore, if possible, testis-sparing surgery should be performed in patients with benign masses and testicular tissue preservation may be recommended in order to maintain fertility in later life.