Flow patterns and pathways of legacy and contemporary pesticides in surface waters in tropical volcanic catchments.

Severe water pollution issues due to legacy and contemporary pesticides exist in tropical regions and are linked to cash crops requiring intensive plant protection practices. This study aims to improve knowledge about contamination routes and patterns in tropical volcanic settings to identify mitigation measures and analyse risk. To this aim, this paper analyses four years of monitoring data from 2016 to 2019 of flow discharge and weekly pesticide concentrations in the rivers of two catchments grown predominantly with banana and sugar cane in the French West Indies.

Long-term pollution by chlordecone of tropical volcanic soils in the French West Indies: New insights and improvement of previous predictions.

Chlordecone (CLD), was widely applied in banana fields in the French West Indies from 1972 to 1993. The WISORCH model was constructed to assess soil contamination by CLD and estimated that it lasts from 100 to 600 years, depending on leaching intensity and assuming no degradation. However, recent studies demonstrated that CLD is degraded in the environment, hence questioning the reliability of previous estimations.

Evidence of Chlordecone Resurrection by Glyphosate in French West Indies.

The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture during the last several decades has contaminated soils and different Critical Zone (CZ) compartments, defined as the area extended from the top of the vegetation canopy to the groundwater table, and it integrates interactions of the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere. However, the long-term fate, storage, and transfer dynamics of persistent pesticides in CZ in a changing world remain poorly understood. In the French West Indies, chlordecone (CLD), a toxic organochlorine insecticide, was extensively applied to banana fields to control banana weevil from 1972 to 1993 after which it was banned.

Spatio-temporal variability of water pollution by chlordecone at the watershed scale: what insights for the management of polluted territories?

Chlordecone, applied on soils until 1993 to control banana weevil, has polluted water resources in the French West Indies for more than 40 years. At the watershed scale, chlordecone applications were not homogenous, generating a spatial heterogeneity of the pollution. The roles of climate, hydrology, soil, agronomy, and geology on watershed functioning generate a temporal heterogeneity of the pollution.

The A30P α-synuclein mutation decreases subventricular zone proliferation.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with olfactory defects in addition to dopaminergic degeneration. Dopaminergic signalling is necessary for subventricular zone (SVZ) proliferation and olfactory bulb (OB) neurogenesis. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn or Snca) modulates dopaminergic neurotransmission, and SNCA mutations cause familial PD, but how α-syn and its mutations affect adult neurogenesis is unclear.

RECOTOX, a French initiative in ecotoxicology-toxicology to monitor, understand and mitigate the ecotoxicological impacts of pollutants in socioagroecosystems.

RECOTOX is a cross-cutting initiative promoting an integrated research to respond to the challenges of monitoring, understanding, and mitigating environmental and health impacts of pesticides in agroecosystems. The added value of RECOTOX is to develop a common culture around spatial ecotoxicology including the whole chain of pressure-exposure-impact, while strengthening an integrated network of in natura specifically equipped sites. In particular, it promotes transversal approaches at relevant socioecological system scales, to capitalize knowledge, expertise, and ongoing research in ecotoxicology and, to a lesser extent, environmental toxicology.

Watershed-scale assessment of oil palm cultivation impact on water quality and nutrient fluxes: a case study in Sumatra (Indonesia).

High fertilizer input is necessary to sustain high yields in oil palm agroecosystems, but it may endanger neighboring aquatic ecosystems when excess nutrients are transported to waterways. In this study, the hydrochemical dynamics of groundwater and streams under baseflow conditions were evaluated with bi-monthly measurements for 1 year on 16 watersheds. Hydrochemical measurements were related to the spatial distribution of soil and fertilization practices across a landscape of 100 km(2), dominated by oil palm cultivation, in Central Sumatra, Indonesia.

Regional differences in human ependymal and subventricular zone cytoarchitecture are unchanged in neuropsychiatric disease.

Much work has focused on the possible contribution of adult hippocampal neurogenesis to neuropsychiatric diseases. The hippocampal subgranular zone and the other stem cell-containing neurogenic niche, the subventricular zone (SVZ), share several cytological features and are regulated by some of the same molecular mechanisms. However, very little is known about the SVZ in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Galectin-3 maintains cell motility from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb.

The adult brain subventricular zone (SVZ) produces neuroblasts that migrate through the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb (OB) in a specialized niche. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) regulates proliferation and migration in cancer and is expressed by activated macrophages after brain injury. The function of Gal-3 in the normal brain is unknown, but we serendipitously found that it was expressed by ependymal cells and SVZ astrocytes in uninjured mice.

Dopamine stimulation of postnatal murine subventricular zone neurogenesis via the D3 receptor.

We investigated the expression and role of the dopamine receptor 3 (D3R) in postnatal mouse subventricular zone (SVZ). In situ hybridization detected selective D3R mRNA expression in the SVZ. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) of adult SVZ subtypes using hGFAP-GFP and Dcx-GFP mice showed that transit amplifying progenitor cells and niche astrocytes expressed D3R whereas stem cell-like astrocytes and neuroblasts did not.

Adult mouse subventricular zone stem and progenitor cells are sessile and epidermal growth factor receptor negatively regulates neuroblast migration.

Background: The adult subventricular zone (SVZ) contains stem and progenitor cells that generate neuroblasts throughout life. Although it is well accepted that SVZ neuroblasts are migratory, recent evidence suggests their progenitor cells may also exhibit motility. Since stem and progenitor cells are proliferative and multipotential, if they were also able to move would have important implications for SVZ neurogenesis and its potential for repair.

Techniques and strategies to analyze neural progenitor cell migration.

One of the most surprising aspects of neural development is that cells do not remain in their birthplace but actively migrate along a variety of routes to their final destinations. This review traces past, present, and future techniques used to analyze progenitor cell migration in the brain, and also discusses their relevant strengths and weaknesses. The large majority of information regarding cell migration is from studies where migratory cells have been labeled, but in which the actual movements are not observed, ie.

Neural stem cell separation from the embryonic avian olfactory epithelium by sedimentation field-flow fractionation.

The aim of the present study was to isolate neural stem cells from a complex tissue: the avian olfactory epithelium; by using sedimentation field flow fractionation (SdFFF). By using "Hyperlayer" elution mode, fraction collection and cell characterization methods, results shows that SdFFF could be a useful cell sorter to isolate an enriched, viable and sterile immature neural cell fraction from which the reconstitution of a complete epithelium was possible. In culture, SdFFF eluted cells first led to a "pseudoplacodal" epithelioid cell type from which derived "floating cells".

Light chain inclusion permits terminal B cell differentiation and does not necessarily result in autoreactivity.

Mice in which the Jkappa cluster was replaced with a VkappaJkappa rearranged gene were studied. More than 90% of B cells from homozygous mutant mice expressed the transgenic kappa chain but showed a slightly reduced level of kappa transcripts compared with WT B lymphocytes. Light chain inclusion was apparent in 10% of B cells from these mice and raised 25% in hemizygous mice with a still lower expression of the knockin kappa chain.

Developmental changes of keratin expression in chick embryo olfactory epithelium in relation to cellular differentiation and neurogenesis in vivo and in vitro.

Olfactory embryogenesis was studied using an anti-chick keratin antibody on chick embryo sections as well as in vitro. Olfactory placodes form at embryonic day 3 (ED3) in the anterior facial ectoderm and invaginate to form the nasal pits. At ED5, the epidermal ectoderm and respiratory epithelium show the same dense cytokeratin immunoreaction.

Combination of 3' and 5' IgH regulatory elements mimics the B-specific endogenous expression pattern of IgH genes from pro-B cells to mature B cells in a transgenic mouse model.

To ensure the B cell differentiation stage specificity of the intronic Emu element and of the locus control region (LCR) that lies downstream of the IgH chain locus, we generated transgenic mice harboring a V(H) promoter-GFP reporter gene linked to the 3'LCR region and the Emu element. By flow cytometry, GFP(+) lymphocytes were observed amongst pro-B cells (B220(+)CD43(+)CD117(+)) and at all stages of differentiation up to mature B cells (B220(+)IgM(+)IgD(+)). Expression was strictly confined to cells committed to the B lymphocyte lineage as judged by the lack of GFP(+)Thy1,2(+) cells (T lymphocytes) and GFP(+)B220(-)CD117(+)CD43(+) cells (uncommitted lymphohematopoietic progenitors).

An exploratory pilot study of acupuncture on the quality of life and reproductive hormone secretion in menopausal women.

The majority of menopausal women suffer from climacteric symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of acupuncture on the quality of life and reproductive hormones secretion in menopausal women. Eleven (11) menopausal women with climacteric symptoms entered this prospective study.

Differential responses of olfactory neurons to axotomy at embryonic and postnatal stages.

In the nervous system, apoptosis is a major process during embryonic and postnatal stages. In chick, experimental cell death can be obtained by axotomy. We have compared the responses of olfactory neurons to axotomy at embryonic stage E17 and postnatal stages.

Insulin-like growth factor I induced survival of axotomized olfactory neurons in the chick.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) receptor is expressed in avian olfactory neurons and IGF1 in the bulb. To explore the function of IGF1 in olfactory system in the chick, we infused IGF1 at the lesion site 0 and 12 h after olfactory axotomy. The animals were killed 1-3 days later.

Cyclo-oxygenase 2 tissue distribution and developmental pattern of expression in the chicken.

1. Cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) is implicated in multiple physiopathological processes. We have studied its physiological expression during chicken embryogenesis.

Intrauterine insemination: evaluation of the results according to the woman's age, sperm quality, total sperm count per insemination and life table analysis.

We report on 332 infertile couples who underwent 1115 cycles of intrauterine insemination (IUI) with washed husband's semen. The indication for IUI was an abnormal post-coital test due to either a male or cervical infertility factor. The mean number of IUI cycles per patients was 3.