Transition zone and anterior stromal prostate cancers: Evaluation of discriminant location criteria using multiparametric fusion-guided biopsy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate precise location criteria on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to improve detection of transition zone (TZ) and anterior stroma (AS) prostate cancers using targeted MRI/transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsies as a reference standard.

Material And Methods: Ninety-six men (mean age: 65 years±7.7 [SD] [range: 46-83 years]) with an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (PSA≥4ng/mL) who underwent standard and targeted biopsies on a TZ/AS suspicious lesion were included.

A practical guide to bladder cancer pathology.

Pathological assessment of bladder cancer is becoming an increasingly complex task owing to the growing availability of molecular data for different histological subtypes and the appreciation of their importance in determining outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Urologists are aware of the need to closely collaborate with pathologists, and comprehensive sharing of information is crucial to achieve optimal patient management. Numerous steps towards this goal have been made during the past years.

Renal Pseudo-tumor Related to Renal Splenosis: Imaging Features.

Objective: To report the case of a 29-year-old patient presenting with renal splenosis along with a complete review of literature on this condition. Splenosis is a frequent condition following abdominal trauma or splenectomy, described as splenic tissue that autotransplants into a heterotopic location. However, renal splenosis is rare and often mistaken with renal carcinoma.

Grading of Urothelial Carcinoma and The New "World Health Organisation Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs 2016".

Context: In the management of urothelial carcinoma, determination of the pathological grade aims at stratifying tumours into different prognostic groups to allow evaluation of treatment results, and optimise patient management. This article reviews the principles behind different grading systems for urothelial bladder carcinoma discussing their reproducibility and prognostic value.

Objective: This paper aims to show the evolution of the World Health Organisation (WHO) grading system, discussing their reproducibility and prognostic value, and evaluating which classification system best predicts disease recurrence and progression.

Utility of Pathology Imagebase for standardisation of prostate cancer grading.

Aims: Despite efforts to standardise grading of prostate cancer, even among experts there is still a considerable variation in grading practices. In this study we describe the use of Pathology Imagebase, a novel reference image library, for setting an international standard in prostate cancer grading.

Methods And Results: The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) recently launched a reference image database supervised by experts.

Handling and reporting of transperineal template prostate biopsy in Europe: a web-based survey by the European Network of Uropathology (ENUP).

Transperineal template prostate biopsies (TTPB) are performed for assessments after unexpected negative transrectal ultrasound biopsies (TRUSB), correlation with imaging findings and during active surveillance. The impact of TTPBs on pathology has not been analysed. The European Network of Uropathology (ENUP) distributed a survey on TTPB, including how specimens were received, processed and analysed.

Reappraisal of Morphologic Differences Between Renal Medullary Carcinoma, Collecting Duct Carcinoma, and Fumarate Hydratase-deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Renal medullary carcinomas (RMCs) and collecting duct carcinomas (CDCs) are rare subsets of lethal high-stage, high-grade distal nephron-related adenocarcinomas with a predilection for the renal medullary region. Recent findings have established an emerging group of fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient tumors related to hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC-RCCs) syndrome within this morphologic spectrum. Recently developed, reliable ancillary testing has enabled consistent separation between these tumor types.

[Sporadic kidney cancer of young subjects: Study of the clinical and pathological features of a bicentric cohort].

Introduction: The epidemiology of kidney cancer is evolving with a net increase in the incidence of renal tumors, globally, and in young people in particular.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence and clinical and pathological characteristics of sporadic renal tumors in young subjects and their risk factors.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study aimed at collecting clinical, epidemiological and anatomopathological information from the 118 patients aged 18 to 40 treated for a sporadic kidney tumor in two Parisian university hospital centers between 2003 and 2013.

Prevalence, management, and prognosis of bladder cancer in patients with neurogenic bladder: A systematic review.

Aim: To perform a systematic review of the literature regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, management and prognosis of bladder cancer in the neuro-urological patient population, in order to serve as a basis for future recommendations and research.

Methods: A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA-Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes Statement. Embase was searched for studies providing data on epidemiology, diagnosis, management and prognosis of bladder cancer in neuro-urological patients.

Potential Benefit of Lymph Node Dissection During Radical Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Systematic Review by the European Association of Urology Guidelines Panel on Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.

Context: The oncological efficacy of routine lymphadenectomy (lymph node dissection [LND]) at the time of radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) remains controversial.

Objective: To systematically review the available literature assessing the impact of LND in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients.

Evidence Acquisition: Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases were searched for all studies comparing outcomes of patients undergoing RNU without LND versus any form of LND.

Oncological Outcomes of Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy Versus Open Radical Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: An European Association of Urology Guidelines Systematic Review.

Context: Most series have suggested better perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) over open RNU. However, the oncological safety of laparoscopic RNU remains controversial.

Objective: To systematically review all relevant literature comparing oncological outcomes of open versus laparoscopic RNU.

Predicting Response to Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy: Are We There Yet? A Systematic Review.

Context: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is currently the most effective intravesical therapy for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, reducing not only recurrence rates but also preventing progression and reducing deaths. However, response rates to BCG vary widely and are dependent on a multitude of factors.

Objective: To review existing data on clinical, pathologic, immune, and molecular markers that allow prediction of BCG response.

Distinct clinicopathological features in metanephric adenoma harboring BRAF mutation.

mutation recently has been reported in metanephric adenoma. We sought to determine the clinical and morphologic features of -mutated metanephric adenoma and to correlate mutation with BRAF V600E immunohistochemical staining results. A series of 48 metanephric adenomas and 15 epithelial-predominant nephroblastomas were analyzed for the occurrence of mutation ( V600E/V600E complex, V600D, V600K and V600R) using the BRAF RGQ PCR kit (Qiagen).

Characteristics and clinical significance of histological variants of bladder cancer.

In the past 10 years evidence for the clinical relevance of variant histology in urinary bladder cancer has been increasing. This increase has resulted in new classifications of urothelial cancers by the WHO in 2016, highlighting the importance of an accurate morphological description of pathological specimens for the therapeutic management of patients with bladder cancer. The rising awareness of the importance of an accurate pathological report manifests itself in the increasing prevalence of reporting of variant histology in daily practice.

European Association of Urology Guidelines on Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: 2017 Update.

Context: The European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines Panel on Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC) has prepared updated guidelines to aid clinicians in the current evidence-based management of UTUC and to incorporate recommendations into clinical practice.

Objective: To provide an overview of the EAU guidelines on UTUC as an aid to clinicians.

Evidence Acquisition: The recommendations provided in the current guidelines are based on a thorough review of available UTUC guidelines and articles identified following a systematic search of Medline.

Expression of long non-coding RNA MFI2-AS1 is a strong predictor of recurrence in sporadic localized clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

Prediction of recurrence is a challenge for the development of adjuvant treatments in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In these tumors, expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are deregulated and closely associated with prognosis. Thus, we aimed to predict ccRCC recurrence risk using lncRNA expression.

Large nested variant of urothelial carcinoma: a clinicopathological study of 36 cases.

Aims: The large nested variant of urothelial carcinoma (LNUC) has been added to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classification. Scant data exist, and little is known about its clinical behaviour.

Material And Results: Cases fulfilling the morphological criteria of LNUC were collected.

Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma (ESC RCC): Further Morphologic and Molecular Characterization of ESC RCC as a Distinct Entity.

Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC RCC) has been recently described as a unique and indolent renal neoplasm, found in female patients with and without tuberous sclerosis complex. Although ESC RCC has a distinct morphology and frequent CK20 reactivity, its molecular karyotype has been previously studied only in few cases. We identified 19 ESC RCC from multiple institutions; all patients were female individuals without clinical features of tuberous sclerosis complex.

Prostate carcinoma with amphicrine features: further refining the spectrum of neuroendocrine differentiation in tumours of primary prostatic origin?

Aims: The current World Health Organization classification categorises high-grade neuroendocrine (NE) carcinomas of the prostate into small-cell and large-cell types. A distinct form of carcinoma showing synchronous dual exocrine and NE differentiation, termed amphicrine carcinoma, has been described at various other sites, primarily within the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features of a series of metastatic prostate carcinoma (PCa) cases with amphicrine features.

Inactivation and Mutation Drive a Convergence toward Loss of Function of H3K36 Writers in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas.

Extensive dysregulation of chromatin-modifying genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been uncovered through next-generation sequencing. However, a scientific understanding of the cross-talk between epigenetic and genomic aberrations remains limited. Here we identify three ccRCC epigenetic clusters, including a clear cell CpG island methylator phenotype (C-CIMP) subgroup associated with promoter methylation of VEGF genes (, and ).

Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate: Clinical and biological profiles.

Background: Ductal adenocarcinoma (DAC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of prostate cancer (PCa). In the present study, we analyzed the clinical and biological characteristics of DAC, in comparison with high grade conventional acinar PCa.

Methods: Samples and data were retrospectively collected from seven institutions and centrally reviewed.

[Neuroendocrine prostate cancer: Natural history, molecular features, therapeutic management and future directions].

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer is a rare malignancy with a an adverse prognostic. Histologically, It can be pure (small cells or large cells neuroendocrine carcinoma) or mixed with a adenocarcinoma component. Rarely diagnosed de novo, neuroendocrine prostate cancer is generally associated with advanced stage disease resistant to castration.

[Correlation of genetic and cytogenetic alterations in pathological aggressiveness urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: Performance of BCA-1, a mini-array comparative genomic hybridisation-based test].

Introduction: Urothelial carcinomas are the fourth leading cause of cancer in humans. Their incidence is increasing by more than 50% in 25 years. The superficial forms (70% cases) require a close active surveillance to identify frequent recurrences and progression to invasive stage.