The USCENTCOM Walking Blood Bank Performance Benchmark and Anticipated Benefit of Universal Low Titer Type O Screening.

The walking blood bank (WBB) is a system for emergency blood acquisition from nearby donors if a patient's blood needs exceed the immediate supply. USCENTCOM medical units will perform a walking blood bank if immediate blood requirements exceed the local supply. A benchmark WBB performance time was needed to provide a training goal for military WBB exercises.

Military Blood Supply and Distribution in USCENTCOM.

In expeditionary environments, the consistent availability of blood for casualty care is imperative yet challenging. Responding to evidence and the specific needs of its expeditionary context, the US Central Command (USCENTCOM) prioritized supplying stored low titer O whole blood (LTOWB) to its units from March, 2023 onward. A strategy was devised to set minimal LTOWB on-hand supply benchmarks, determined by the number of operating beds and point of injury teams.

Enhanced carrier densities in two-dimensional electron gas formed at BaSnO/SrTaOand SrSnO/SrTaOinterfaces.

Two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) realized at perovskite oxide interfaces offer great promise for high charge carrier concentrations and low-loss charge transport. BaSnO(BSO) and SrSnO(SSO) are well-known wide bandgap semiconductors for their high mobility due to the Sn--dominated conduction band minimum (CBM). Tawith a 5valence configuration in SrTaO(STaO) injects theelectron across the interface into the unoccupied Snstates in BSO and SSO.

Engineering metal oxidation using epitaxial strain.

The oxides of platinum group metals are promising for future electronics and spintronics due to the delicate interplay of spin-orbit coupling and electron correlation energies. However, their synthesis as thin films remains challenging due to their low vapour pressures and low oxidation potentials. Here we show how epitaxial strain can be used as a control knob to enhance metal oxidation.

High Mobility Two-Dimensional Electron Gas at the BaSnO/SrNbO Interface.

Oxide two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) promise high charge carrier concentrations and low-loss electronic transport in semiconductors such as BaSnO (BSO). ACBN0 computations for BSO/SrNbO (SNO) interfaces show Nb- electron injection into extended Sn- electronic states. The conduction band minimum consists of Sn- states ∼1.

Incorporation of Ti in epitaxial FeTiOthin films.

The titanomagnetites (FeTiO,⩽ 1) are a family of reducible spinel-structure oxides of interest for their favorable magnetic, catalytic, and electrical transport properties. To understand the stability of the system during low temperature deposition, epitaxial thin films of FeTiOwere deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on MgO(001) at 250-375 °C. The homogeneous incorporation of Ti, Fe valence state, and film morphology were all found to be strongly dependent on the oxidation conditions at the low substrate temperatures employed.

Electronic and structural properties of single-crystal Jahn-Teller active Co Mn O thin films.

Recent investigations on spinel CoMnO have shown its potential for applications in water splitting and fuel cell technologies as it exhibits strong catalytic behavior through oxygen reduction reactivity. To further understand this material, we report for the first time the synthesis of single-crystalline Co Mn O thin films using molecular beam epitaxy. By varying sample composition, we establish links between cation stoichiometry and material properties using in-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry.

Electronic and Structural Properties of Single-crystal Jahn-Teller Active CoMnOThin Films.

Recent investigations on spinel CoMnOhave shown its potential for applications in water splitting and fuel cell technologies as it exhibits strong catalytic behavior through oxygen reduction reactivity. To further understand this material, we report for the first time the synthesis of single-crystalline CoMnOthin films using molecular beam epitaxy. By varying sample composition, we establish links between cation stoichiometry and material properties using in-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry.

Tuning piezoelectric properties through epitaxy of LaTiO and related thin films.

Current piezoelectric sensors and actuators are limited to operating temperatures less than ~200 °C due to the low Curie temperature of the piezoelectric material. Strengthening the piezoelectric coupling of high-temperature piezoelectric materials, such as LaTiO (LTO), would allow sensors to operate across a broad temperature range. The crystalline orientation and piezoelectric coupling direction of LTO thin films can be controlled by epitaxial matching to SrTiO(001), SrTiO(110), and rutile TiO(110) substrates via pulsed laser deposition.

European guidelines on perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: Inferior vena cava filters.

: The indications for the use of an inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) in the context of deep venous thrombosis to prevent pulmonary embolism remain controversial. Despite wide use in clinical practice, great variation exists in national and international guidelines in regard to the indications. In addition, clinical practice is based on poor-quality data from trauma and bariatric surgery with a high incidence of complications.

European guidelines on perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: Neurosurgery.

: Although there are numerous publications addressing venous thromboembolism and its prevention in neurosurgery, there are relatively few high-quality studies to guide decisions regarding thromboprophylaxis. In patients undergoing craniotomy, we recommend that if intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) is used, it should be applied before the surgical procedure or on admission (Grade 1C). In craniotomy patients at particularly high risk for venous thromboembolism, we suggest considering the initiation of mechanical thromboprophylaxis with IPC preoperatively with addition of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) postoperatively when the risk of bleeding is presumed to be decreased (Grade 2C).

Influence of LaFeO Surface Termination on Water Reactivity.

The polarity of oxide surfaces can dramatically impact their surface reactivity, in particular, with polar molecules such as water. The surface species that result from this interaction change the oxide electronic structure and chemical reactivity in applications such as photoelectrochemistry but are challenging to probe experimentally. Here, we report a detailed study of the surface chemistry and electronic structure of the perovskite LaFeO in humid conditions using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Interface Structure, Band Alignment, and Built-In Potentials at LaFeO_{3}/n-SrTiO_{3} Heterojunctions.

Interface structure at polar-nonpolar interfaces has been shown to be a key factor in controlling emergent behavior in oxide heterostructures, including the LaFeO_{3}/n-SrTiO_{3} system. We demonstrate via high-energy-resolution x-ray photoemission that epitaxial LaFeO_{3}/n-SrTiO_{3}(001) heterojunctions engineered to have opposite interface polarities exhibit very similar band offsets and potential gradients within the LaFeO_{3} films. However, differences in the potential gradient within the SrTiO_{3} layer depending on polarity may promote hole diffusion into LaFeO_{3} for applications in photocatalysis.

Predictive Control over Charge Density in the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas at the Polar-Nonpolar NdTiO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} Interface.

Through systematic control of the Nd concentration, we show that the carrier density of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in SrTiO_{3}/NdTiO_{3}/SrTiO_{3}(001) can be modulated over a wide range. We also demonstrate that the NdTiO_{3} in heterojunctions without a SrTiO_{3} cap is degraded by oxygen absorption from air, resulting in the immobilization of donor electrons that could otherwise contribute to the 2DEG. This system is, thus, an ideal model to understand and control the insulator-to-metal transition in a 2DEG based on both environmental conditions and film-growth processing parameters.

Infrared optical absorption in low-spin Fe(2+)-doped SrTiO3.

Band gap engineering in SrTiO3 and related titanate perovskites has long been explored due to the intriguing properties of the materials for photocatalysis and photovoltaic applications. A popular approach in the materials chemistry community is to substitutionally dope aliovalent transition metal ions onto the B site in the lattice to alter the valence band. However, in such a scheme there is limited control over the dopant valence, and compensating defects often form.

Daily pilates exercise or inactivity for patients with low back pain: a clinical prospective observational study.

Background: Studies have shown the effectiveness of a few weekly pilates sessions as helping to reduce lower back pain (LBP). However many patients fear that physical activity can actually make the pain and disability worse.

Design: We carried out this observational prospective clinical study to look at the effects that taking part in daily pilates has one on side and on the other the effects of LBP management without physical exercise.

Directed self-assembly of epitaxial CoFe2O(4)-BiFeO3 multiferroic nanocomposites.

CoFe(2)O(4) (CFO)-BiFeO(3) (BFO) nanocomposites are an intriguing option for future memory and logic technologies due to the magnetoelectric properties of the system. However, these nanocomposites form with CFO pillars randomly located within a BFO matrix, making implementation in devices difficult. To overcome this, we present a technique to produce patterned nanocomposites through self-assembly.

Inhibitory effect of some esters of 4-hydroxy-5-nitro-4,5-dihydrothymine on the growth of tumor cells.

New analogs of 4-hydroxy-5-nitro-4,5-dihydrothymine, namely 4-acyloxy-5-nitro-4,5-dihydrothymines (where: acyl = acetyl, benzoyl, mono- and dichloroacetyl) were synthesized and tested for their toxicologic and antitumor effects on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and Ehrlich solid tumor. Best results were found for the mono- and dichloroacetyl derivatives.