Sports Medicine Physician Confidence in Concussion Assessments for Postconcussion Return-to-Play Decisions.

Objective: To identify sport-related concussion (SRC) assessments sports medicine physicians perform and in which they place confidence when making return-to-play (RTP) decisions.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Online survey.

Disruption of the Physical Interaction Between Carbonic Anhydrase IX and the Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 Impacts Lactate Transport in Breast Cancer Cells.

It has been previously established that breast cancer cells exhibit high expression of the monocarboxylate (lactate) transporters (MCT1 and/or MCT4) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and form a functional metabolon for proton-coupled lactate export, thereby stabilizing intracellular pH. CD147 is the MCT accessory protein that facilitates the creation of the MCT/CAIX complex. This study describes how the small molecule Beta-Galactose 2C (BGal2C) blocks the physical and functional interaction between CAIX and either MCT1 or MCT4 in Xenopus oocytes, which reduces the rate of proton and lactate flux with an IC of ~90 nM.

Measuring Integrin Force Loading Rates Using a Two-Step DNA Tension Sensor.

Cells apply forces to extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands through transmembrane integrin receptors: an interaction which is intimately involved in cell motility, wound healing, cancer invasion and metastasis. These small (piconewton) integrin-ECM forces have been studied by molecular tension fluorescence microscopy (MTFM), which utilizes a force-induced conformational change of a probe to detect mechanical events. MTFM has revealed the force magnitude for integrin receptors in a variety of cell models including primary cells.

Thermal Pharyngeal Injury Resulting From Vaping: A Case Report.

Thermal injury to the pharyngeal structures is uncommon, and clinicians generally attribute these injuries to consuming hot foods or liquids. While thermal injuries have been reported with the ingestion of hot substances, thermal injuries from vape pens have not been widely described in the literature. We present a case of a 35-year-old male who presented to the emergency department (ED) with oropharyngeal burns after utilizing a vape pen that malfunctioned.

Impact of point-of-care gonorrhea and chlamydia testing in the emergency department on reducing overtreatment rates.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections continue to increase in the United States. Advancement in technology with point-of-care (POC) testing can improve the overall treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in the emergency department (ED) by shortening the time to test result and administration of accurate treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess if the POC test reduced the rate of overtreatment for CT and/or NG compared to the standard-of-care (SOC) test.

Measuring integrin force loading rates using a two-step DNA tension sensor.

Cells apply forces to extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands through transmembrane integrin receptors: an interaction which is intimately involved in cell motility, wound healing, cancer invasion and metastasis. These small (pN) forces exerted by cells have been studied by molecular tension fluorescence microscopy (MTFM), which utilizes a force-induced conformational change of a probe to detect mechanical events. MTFM has revealed the force magnitude for integrins receptors in a variety of cell models including primary cells.

XFEL structure of carbonic anhydrase II: a comparative study of XFEL, NMR, X-ray and neutron structures.

The combination of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with serial femtosecond crystallography represents cutting-edge technology in structural biology, allowing the study of enzyme reactions and dynamics in real time through the generation of `molecular movies'. This technology combines short and precise high-energy X-ray exposure to a stream of protein microcrystals. Here, the XFEL structure of carbonic anhydrase II, a ubiquitous enzyme responsible for the interconversion of CO and bicarbonate, is reported, and is compared with previously reported NMR and synchrotron X-ray and neutron single-crystal structures.

A comparative study of diaryl urea molecules with and without sulfonamide group on Carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibition and its consequence on breast cancer cells.

To investigate the intrinsic relation between carbonic anhydrase inhibition and anticancer activity, we have prepared four sets of diaryl urea molecules and tested for the inhibition of hCA-IX and XII on two breast cancer cell lines. Among 21 compounds, compound J2 (with -SONH group) and J16 (without -SONH group) showed the best activity under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The IC values of J16 for MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, under normoxic condition were 6.

Parental Impressions and Perspectives of Efficacy in Prenatal Counseling for Single Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease.

Although commonly performed, optimal techniques, strategies, and content to achieve the most effective prenatal counseling have not been explored. We investigate the efficacy of prenatal counseling via survey feedback of parents of children with prenatally diagnosed single ventricle. Grades of counseling using a Likert scale (1-5) were solicited to assess: (1) overall impression of quantity of counseling, (2) explanation of the heart defect, (3) preparation for heart surgery, (4) preparation for hospital course and care, (5) preparation for complications and outcomes of a Fontan circulation, and (6) preparation for neurological, school-related, or behavioral problems.

Effect of Time and Sex on Post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Psychological Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Scores.

Context: Low scores on psychological patient-reported outcomes measures, including the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) and Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS), after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have been associated with a maladaptive psychological response to injury and poor prognosis.

Objective: To assess the effect of time post-ACLR and sex on ACL-RSI and I-PRRS scores and generate normative reference curves.

Design: Case series.

The Effect of Perceived Tinnitus Disturbance on Hope.

Background: Although there are systematic reviews of the effects of tinnitus on quality of life, the relationship of tinnitus to hopefulness has not been examined.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between tinnitus distress and hope by comparing the severity of tinnitus to measures of hopefulness. This was done by comparing the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) to the following hope scales: the Herth Hope Scale (HHS) and the Herth Hope Index (HHI).

Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Hinsberg Dearomatization Using Trimethylsilyldiazomethane.

Rhodium(II) catalyzes carbene transfer from trimethylsilyldiazomethane to arylmethyl thioethers, generating sulfonium ylides that undergo [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, punching quaternary centers into aromatic rings. The reaction works well with naphthalene, indole, and benzofuran ring systems, but the reaction is unsuccessful with the monocyclic benzene homologue. For aryl thioethers, Rh(OAc) gives good results.

Preimplantation genetic testing for sickle cell disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of in vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disease (IVF + PGT-M) in the conception of a nonsickle cell disease (non-SCD) individual compared with standard of care treatment for a naturally conceived, sickle cell disease (SCD)-affected individual.

Design: A Markov simulation model was constructed to evaluate a one-time IVF + PGT-M treatment compared with the lifetime standard of care costs of treatment for an individual potentially born with SCD. Using an annual discount rate of 3% for cost and outcome measures, quality-adjusted life years were constructed from utility weights and life expectancy values and then used as the effectiveness measurement.

Nerve Visualization using Phenoxazine-Based Near-Infrared Fluorophores to Guide Prostatectomy.

Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is poised to revolutionize surgical medicine through near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores for tissue- and disease-specific contrast. Clinical open and laparoscopic FGS vision systems operate nearly exclusively at NIR wavelengths. However, tissue-specific NIR contrast agents compatible with clinically available imaging systems are lacking, leaving nerve tissue identification during prostatectomy a persistent challenge.

Polarized focal adhesion kinase activity within a focal adhesion during cell migration.

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) relays integrin signaling from outside to inside cells and contributes to cell adhesion and motility. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of FAK activity in single FAs is unclear due to the lack of a robust FAK reporter, which limits our understanding of these essential biological processes. Here we have engineered a genetically encoded FAK activity sensor, dubbed FAK-separation of phases-based activity reporter of kinase (SPARK), which visualizes endogenous FAK activity in living cells and vertebrates.

Phenotypic trait variation in the North American Tragopogon allopolyploid complex.

Premise: Recently formed allopolyploids Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus and their diploid parental species, T. dubius, T.

OregonFluor enables quantitative intracellular paired agent imaging to assess drug target availability in live cells and tissues.

Non-destructive fluorophore diffusion across cell membranes to provide an unbiased fluorescence intensity readout is critical for quantitative imaging applications in live cells and tissues. Commercially available small-molecule fluorophores have been engineered for biological compatibility, imparting high water solubility by modifying rhodamine and cyanine dye scaffolds with multiple sulfonate groups. The resulting net negative charge, however, often renders these fluorophores cell-membrane-impermeant.

Protein Degradation by Gammaherpesvirus RTAs: More Than Just Viral Transactivators.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a member of the Gammaherpesvirus subfamily that encodes several viral proteins with intrinsic E3 ubiquitin ligase activity or the ability to hijack host E3 ubiquitin ligases to modulate the host's immune response and to support the viral life cycle. This review focuses specifically on how the immediate-early KSHV protein RTA (replication and transcription activator) hijacks the host's ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) to target cellular and viral factors for protein degradation to allow for robust lytic reactivation. Notably, RTA's targets are either potent transcription repressors or they are activators of the innate and adaptive immune response, which block the lytic cycle of the virus.

Comprehensive Metabolic Tracing Reveals the Origin and Catabolism of Cysteine in Mammalian Tissues and Tumors.

Unlabelled: Cysteine plays critical roles in cellular biosynthesis, enzyme catalysis, and redox metabolism. The intracellular cysteine pool can be sustained by cystine uptake or de novo synthesis from serine and homocysteine. Demand for cysteine is increased during tumorigenesis for generating glutathione to deal with oxidative stress.

New Insights into Conformationally Restricted Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors.

This paper reports an investigation into the impact of pyridyl functional groups in conjunction with hydroxide-substituted benzenesulfonamides on the inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.