The effect of restricted and free-living conditions on light exposure and sleep in older adults.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, studies reported that restricted living conditions were associated with worse subjective sleep quality. This effect might have been caused by reduced light exposure during lockdowns. We investigated light exposure levels, subjective and objective sleep and physical activity levels in older adults during restricted and free-living conditions after the pandemic.

Contextual barriers to infection prevention and control program implementation in hospitals in Latin America: a mixed methods evaluation.

Background: Infection prevention and control (IPC) programs are essential to prevent and control the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare facilities (HCFs). The current implementation of these programs in Latin America remains largely unknown.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods evaluation of IPC program implementation in HCFs from Guatemala, Panama, Ecuador, and Argentina, March-July 2022.

Pre-Surgery Cortisol Levels as Biomarker of Evolution after Bariatric Surgery: Weight Loss and Weight Regain.

Bariatric surgery (BS) is effective for achieving significant weight loss. However, weight regain (WR) is an emerging problem. To assess the prognostic value of morning serum cortisol, a 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST), 24 h urinary free cortisol (UFC) and late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) in a cohort of patients with severe obesity (pwSO) undergoing BS in terms of weight loss and WR.

Fine-scale genetic structure and phenotypic divergence of a passerine bird population inhabiting a continuous Mediterranean woodland.

Genetic differentiation between populations inhabiting ecologically different habitats might appear because of limited dispersal and gene flow, which may lead to patterns of phenotypic divergence and local adaptation. In this study, we use dispersal, genotypic (24 microsatellite loci) and phenotypic (body size and clutch size) data to analyse patterns of genetic structuring and phenotypic divergence in a blue tit () population inhabiting a continuous and heterogeneous woodland along a valley. The two slopes of the valley differ in their forest formations and environmental conditions.

Mounting an immune response reduces male attractiveness in a lizard.

Parasites impact host fitness and constitute an important selective pressure on the host's life history. According to parasite-mediated sexual selection, ornaments are presumed to honestly indicate immune capacity or resistance against parasites, and the chooser sex (typically females) obtains an advantage by selecting more ornamented, thus more immunocompetent mates. Therefore, signalers mounting an immune response must allocate resources from the sexual signal to the immune system, hence reducing the expression of the ornament and becoming less attractive to the choosing sex.

Impact of heat waves on human morbidity and hospital admissions in a city of the western mediterranean area.

Purpose: The effect of heat waves on mortality is well known, but current evidence on morbidity is limited. Establishing the consequences of these events in terms of morbidity is important to ensure communities and health systems can adapt to them.

Methods: We thus collected data on total daily emergency hospital admissions, admissions to critical care units, emergency department admissions, and emergency admissions for specific diagnoses to Hospital Universitario de Son Espases from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2021.

Assessing the Clinical Efficacy of a Virtual Reality Tool for the Treatment of Obesity: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) interventions, based on cognitive behavioral therapy principles, have been proven effective as complementary tools in managing obesity and have been associated with promoting healthy behaviors and addressing body image concerns. However, they have not fully addressed certain underlying causes of obesity, such as a lack of motivation to change, low self-efficacy, and the impact of weight stigma interiorization, which often impede treatment adherence and long-term lifestyle habit changes. To tackle these concerns, this study introduces the VR self-counseling paradigm, which incorporates embodiment and body-swapping techniques, along with motivational strategies, to help people living with obesity effectively address some of the root causes of their condition.

Effect of comorbidity and multimorbidity on adherence to follow-up recommendations among long-term breast cancer survivors.

Objectives: To study the impact of comorbidities, multimorbidity, and multimorbidity clusters on adherence to recommended follow-up guidelines among long-term breast cancer survivors.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study based on 2078 women diagnosed with breast cancer from 2000 to 2006 and followed up from 2012 to 2016.

Main Outcome Measures: Adherence to breast cancer follow-up recommendations (annual medical visit and imaging) was determined.

Exploring long-term breast cancer survivors' care trajectories using dynamic time warping-based unsupervised clustering.

Objectives: Long-term breast cancer survivors (BCS) constitute a complex group of patients, whose number is estimated to continue rising, such that, a dedicated long-term clinical follow-up is necessary.

Materials And Methods: A dynamic time warping-based unsupervised clustering methodology is presented in this article for the identification of temporal patterns in the care trajectories of 6214 female BCS of a large longitudinal retrospective cohort of Spain. The extracted care-transition patterns are graphically represented using directed network diagrams with aggregated patient and time information.

Plasma SHBG Levels as an Early Predictor of Response to Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Obesity is a growing global health problem, and currently, bariatric surgery (BS) is the best solution in terms of sustained total weight loss (TWL). However, a significant number of patients present weight regain (WR) in time. There is a lack of biomarkers predicting the response to BS and WR during the follow-up.

Nitrogen-vacancy center magnetic imaging of FeO nanoparticles inside the gastrointestinal tract of .

Widefield magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy centers enables high spatial resolution imaging of magnetic field distributions without a need for spatial scanning. In this work, we show nitrogen-vacancy center magnetic imaging of FeO nanoparticles within the gastrointestinal tract of larvae. Vector magnetic field imaging based on optically detected magnetic resonance is carried out on dissected larvae intestine organs containing accumulations of externally loaded magnetic nanoparticles.

Ontogeny of the circadian system: a multiscale process throughout development.

The 24 h (circadian) timing system develops in mammals during the perinatal period. It carries out the essential task of anticipating daily recurring environmental changes to identify the best time of day for each molecular, cellular, and systemic process. Although significant knowledge has been acquired about the organization and function of the adult circadian system, relatively little is known about its ontogeny.

Revisional Robotic Bariatric Surgery. Largest Single Centre Prospective Cohort Study and Review of the Literature.

Robotic bariatric surgery (RBS) has seen a surge in popularity in recent years, yet questions persist about its utility concerning postoperative complications, costs, and technical aspects. RBS, while increasing in number, presents a greater technical challenge associated with more post-operative complications compared to primary bariatric surgery. In this study, we present our single institution experience and review the literature to assess the value of robotic revisional surgery.

Assessment of obesity stigma and discrimination among Spanish subjects with a wide weight range: the OBESTIGMA study.

Introduction: This study aims to assess the extent of rejection and instances of stigmatization linked to obesity within the Spanish population, encompassing a diverse spectrum of weights ranging from normal weight to morbid obesity. Additionally, the study seeks to identify the primary factors influencing these experiences and further examines the impact of bariatric surgery on such dynamics.

Materials And Methods: Multicenter observational study with involving a total of 1,018 participants who were recruited from various Obesity Units.

Does daily energy and macronutrient intake differ between work and non-workdays in shift workers? A mixed methods study.

Shift workers are at increased risk of obesity and metabolic diseases, but their eating patterns on work and non-workdays are understudied. We aimed to examine whether energy intake and macronutrient intake of day and night shift nurses were different during work and non-workdays. We used a mixed-methods approach to study food intake of shift working nurses from two hospitals during day and night shifts.

Mortality and severe neurological morbidity in extremely preterm growth-restricted fetuses.

Objective: To develop a model for the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in growth-restricted fetuses requiring delivery before 28 weeks in order to provide individualized patient counseling.

Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study of singleton pregnancies with antenatal suspicion of fetal growth restriction requiring delivery before 28 weeks' gestation between January 2010 and January 2020 in six tertiary public hospitals in the Barcelona area, Spain. Separate predictive models for mortality only and mortality or severe neurological morbidity were created using logistic regression from variables available antenatally.

The Relationship between Anxiety, Subjective and Objective Sleep, Chronotype and Circadian Rhythms with Depressive Symptoms in Insomnia Disorder.

Insomnia is a highly prevalent sleep disorder with strong bidirectional associations with depressive symptoms. The circadian preference for eveningness has been shown to be associated with depressive symptoms in insomnia and other mental health conditions. However, there is a lack of studies in insomnia investigating whether objective measures, such as dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) or polysomnographic (PSG) sleep, are associated with depressive symptoms.

Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for Open Angle Glaucoma Compared With Opportunistic Case Finding.

Prcis: The manuscript evaluates cost-effectiveness of glaucoma screening with imaging devices and telemedicine based on a screening campaign performed in Spain. The screening strategy implemented in our analysis was cost-effective compared with opportunistic case finding.

Introduction: Open angle glaucoma is an asymptomatic ocular disease that represents one of the first causes of blindness.

Integrative and Collaborative Approach in the Chronic Management of Obesity in Primary and Tertiary Care Setting: Vall Hebron-SAP Muntanya Healthcare Route.

Introduction: In the context of obesity pandemic, the health care providers involved in the primary care should have a significant role. Several guidelines for the management of obesity in primary care were proposed recently. In general lines, these guidelines include recommendation on the baseline assessment, therapy, and algorithm for referral to specialized obesity clinic and follow-up.

Dysphagia in hospitalized patients: Prevalence, related factors and impact on aspiration pneumonia and mortality.

Background: Oropharyngeal dysphagia can be highly concerning in hospitalized patients, increasing morbidity and mortality, making its early identification essential. We aimed to characterize dysphagia and its association with aspiration pneumonia and mortality in a tertiary hospital in Barcelona, Spain.

Methods: Using data from all hospital discharges during the period 2018-2021, we identified the characteristics of patients with dysphagia and their distribution among hospital departments through the minimum data set, which codifies patients' diagnoses according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10).

A Co-Management Model for Myeloid Malignancies That Evolved during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: Myeloid malignancies are a heterogeneous group of clonal bone marrow disorders that are complex to manage in the community and therefore often referred to subspecialists at tertiary oncology referral centers. Many patients do not live in close proximity to tertiary referral centers and are unable to commute long distances due to age, comorbidities, and frailty. Interventions that minimize the travel time burden without compromising quality of care are an area of unmet need.