Case Report: Acute kidney failure leading to permanent haemodialysis due to hyperoxaluria following one-anastomosis gastric bypass-related rapid weight loss.

The one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) has been proven to provide good weight loss, comorbidity improvement, and quality of life with follow-up longer than five years. Although capable of improving many obesity-related diseases, OAGB is associated with post-operative medical complications mainly related to the induced malabsorption. A 52-year-old man affected by nephrotic syndrome due to a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis underwent OAGB uneventfully.

[Phosphate binders in renal patients: a point estimate from rationale, through evidences to the real world setting].

Phosphate binders represent a common intervention in renal patients affected by chronic kidney disease and mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Although counteracting P overload through binders adoption is argued by a physiology-driven approach, the efficacy of this intervention on hard endpoints remains poorly evident. The inconsistencies between rationale and methodological weakness, concerning the clinical relevance of P binding in chronic kidney disease, will be herein discussed with special focus on the need of a multi-factorial treatment against CKD-MBD, which is currently more achievable due to the variety of P binders and the rapid evolution of nutritional therapy, dialysis techniques and nursing science.

The interview with a patient on dialysis: feeling, emotions and fears.

This study has been performed in the Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, in Desio Hospital, Italy. The aim of this study is to evaluate, starting from research questions, which information is given to patient in the pre-dialysis colloquia for his/her chosen dialysis methods. Moreover, the study evaluated feelings, emotions and fears since the announcement of the necessity of dialysis treatment.

Sodium balance during extra corporeal dialysis.

In order to reduce intradialytic and interdialytic morbidity, it is important to obtain a zero sodium balance at the end of each dialysis session. This can be achieved by matching exactly the interdialytic sodium and water intake with the intradialytic sodium and water removal. A positive sodium balance can be obtained by using hypernatric dialysis or "sodium ramping" or convective techniques.

The role of blood volume reduction in the genesis of intradialytic hypotension.

Background: The aim of this multicenter prospective study was to investigate the role of relative blood volume (RBV) reduction on intradialytic hypotension.

Methods: One hundred twenty-three patients on chronic hemodialysis therapy were considered a priori normotensive (reference group A), intradialytic hypotension prone (group B), and hypertensive (group C). RBV was continuously monitored, and diastolic and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at 20-minute intervals during three dialysis sessions.

Role of combination therapy with ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers in renal protection.

Over recent years, a target blood pressure of 125/75 mm Hg has been sought in order to reduce the rate of chronic renal disease (CKD) progression and cardiovascular mortality. Some antihypertensive agents, such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists and calcium channel blockers also may be capable of reducing CKD progression because they halt some of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in renal damage. The possibility that combination treatments with ACE inhibitors and calcium-channel blockers may confer additive or even synergistic renoprotective effects other than blood pressure control is not only fascinating, but also particularly important because multidrug antihypertensive regimens are required to obtain adequate blood pressure in the majority of patients with CKD.

Long-term prognosis of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with infection in adults.

Background: Infection-associated glomerulonephritis is rare in adults and its long-term prognosis is undefined.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical course of 50 adults (30 men, 20 women) with infection-associated glomerulonephritis diagnosed in our department from 1979 to 1999. The mean follow-up was 90+/-78 months.

Dry weight and sodium balance.

To achieve good blood pressure control and minimal intradialytic patient discomfort, it is very important to define the correct dry weight and individualize the "adequate" dialysate sodium concentration. Given the highly variable amounts of sodium introduced during interdialytic periods, the use of the sodium and conductivity kinetic models guarantees adequate sodium removal in each patient with each treatment. According to our data, the imprecision of the sodium kinetic model was less than 0.

GBV-C/HGV infection in end-stage renal disease: a serological and virological survey.

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) appear to be at high risk for GBV-C/HGV infection. This information has been obtained with virological techniques (RT-PCR) but few serological data exist. A prototype enzyme immunoassay has now been developed to detect antibodies against the putative envelope protein (E2) located on the surface of the GBV-C/HGV virion particle.

The renoprotective effect of antihypertensive drugs.

Some antihypertensive drugs may have a renoprotective effect, that is partially independent of their ability to reduce blood pressure. ACE-inhibitors are safe and effective agents that are capable of reducing proteinuria and preventing CRF progression. The results of the AIPRI extension study suggest that they may also have a long-term renoprotective effect.