Arterial effects of anthracycline: structural and inflammatory assessments in non-human primates and lymphoma patients.

Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, are important anti-cancer therapies but are associated with arterial injury. Histopathological insights have been limited to small animal models, and the role of inflammation in the arterial toxic effects of anthracycline is unclear in humans. Our aims were (1) to evaluate aortic media fibrosis and injury in non-human primates treated with anthracyclines; (2) to assess the effect of anthracycline on aortic inflammation in patients treated for lymphoma.

A Participatory Model for Cocreating Accessible Rehabilitation Technology for Stroke Survivors: User-Centered Design Approach.

Background: Globally, 1 in 3 people live with health conditions that could be improved with rehabilitation. Ideally, this is provided by trained professionals delivering evidence-based dose, intensity, and content of rehabilitation for optimal recovery. The widely acknowledged inability of global health care providers to deliver recommended levels of rehabilitation creates an opportunity for technological innovation.

Arterial effects of anthracycline: structural and inflammatory assessments in non-human primates and lymphoma patients using F-FDG positron emission tomography.

Background: Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, are important anti-cancer therapies but are associated with arterial injury. Histopathological insights have been limited to small animal models and the role of inflammation in the arterial toxic effects of anthracycline is unclear in humans. Our aims were: 1) To evaluate aortic media fibrosis and injury in non-human primates treated with anthracyclines; 2) To assess the effect of anthracycline on aortic inflammation in patients treated for lymphoma.

Ablation Rates and Long-Term Outcome Following Low-Dose Radioiodine for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in the West of Scotland: A Retrospective Analysis.

Objective: Low-dose radioiodine is an accepted means of remnant ablation in patients with low- to intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) based on the results of several phase III trials. We evaluated the rate of ablation success and long-term recurrence outcomes in the first 3 years of implementing this practice at our institution.

Methods: Patients who received 1.

Retinal small vessel narrowing in women with gestational diabetes, pregnancy-associated hypertension, or small-for-gestational age babies.

Background: Gestational diabetes, pregnancy-associated hypertension and small-for-gestational age babies are all associated with impaired placental vascularisation. This study compared the effects of these conditions the systemic small vessel calibre that was examined in the retina.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study of consecutive pregnant women recruited from an antenatal clinic.

Ocular manifestations of the genetic renal tubulopathies.

Background: The genetic tubulopathies are rare and heterogenous disorders that are often difficult to identify. This study examined the tubulopathy-causing genes for ocular associations that suggested their genetic basis and, in some cases, the affected gene.

Methods: Sixty-seven genes from the Genomics England renal tubulopathy panel were reviewed for ocular features, and for retinal expression in the Human Protein Atlas and an ocular phenotype in mouse models in the Mouse Genome Informatics database.

Ocular manifestations of renal ciliopathies.

Renal ciliopathies are a common cause of kidney failure in children and adults, and this study reviewed their ocular associations. Genes affected in renal ciliopathies were identified from the Genomics England Panels. Ocular associations were identified from Medline and OMIM, and the genes additionally examined for expression in the human retina ( https://www.

Ocular manifestations of the genetic causes of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Genetic forms of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) often have extra-renal manifestations. This study examined FSGS-associated genes from the Genomics England Renal proteinuria panel for reported and likely ocular features. Thirty-two of the 55 genes (58%) were associated with ocular abnormalities in human disease, and a further 12 (22%) were expressed in the retina or had an eye phenotype in mouse models.

and Scalp-Ear-Nipple ('Finlay-Marks') syndrome may be associated with myopia and Thin basement membrane nephropathy through an effect on the collagen IV α3 and α4 chains.

Introduction: Scalp-Ear-Nipple syndrome is caused by pathogenic KCTD1 variants and characterised by a scalp defect, prominent ears, and rudimentary breasts. We describe here further clinical associations in the eye and kidney.

Methods: Fifteen affected members from two unrelated families with p.

Increased retinal drusen in IgA glomerulonephritis are further evidence for complement activation in disease pathogenesis.

Drusen are retinal deposits comprising cell debris, immune material and complement that are characteristic of macular degeneration but also found in glomerulonephritis. This was a pilot cross-sectional study to determine how often drusen occurred in IgA glomerulonephritis and their clinical significance. Study participants underwent non-mydriatic retinal photography, and their deidentified retinal images were examined for drusen by two trained graders, who compared central drusen counts, counts ≥ 10 and drusen size with those of matched controls.

Obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypertensive microvascular disease: a cross-sectional observational cohort study.

Hypertensive microvascular disease is associated with an increased risk of diastolic heart failure, vascular dementia and progressive renal impairment. This study examined whether individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) had more retinal hypertensive microvascular disease than those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and hospital controls. This was a single-centre, cross-sectional, observational study of participants recruited consecutively from a general respiratory clinic and a general medical clinic.

Retinal small vessel dilatation in the systemic inflammatory response to surgery.

Retinal microvascular calibre has been proposed as a predictor of cardiac events. Surgery is a major stimulus for inflammation which potentially affects small vessel calibre. This study examined the effects of surgery on retinal, and thus systemic, small vessel size, and the potentially confounding effect of surgery when retinal vessel calibre is used to predict cardiac risk in hospital patients.

Retinal drusen counts are increased in inflammatory bowel disease, and with longer disease duration, more complications and associated IgA glomerulonephritis.

Retinal drusen are deposits of inflammatory proteins that are found in macular degeneration and glomerulonephritis and result, in part, from complement activation. This was a cross-sectional observational study of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) recruited from a Gastroenterology clinic who underwent non-mydriatic retinal photography. Deidentified images were examined for drusen, and drusen counts and size were compared with matched controls, and examined for clinical associations.

Retinal drusen in glomerulonephritis with or without immune deposits suggest systemic complement activation in disease pathogenesis.

Retinal drusen are characteristic of macular degeneration and complement activation, but also occur in C3, lupus and IgA nephropathy. This cross-sectional observational study compared drusen counts in different forms of glomerulonephritis. Consecutive individuals with glomerulonephritis attending a general renal or transplant clinic underwent retinal imaging with a non-mydriatic camera.

Retinal Drusen Are More Common and Larger in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Renal Impairment.

Introduction: Complement has been implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis on the basis of the associations with inherited complement defects and genome-wide association study risk alleles, glomerular deposits, reduced serum levels, and occasional reports of retinal drusen. This study examined drusen in SLE and their clinical significance.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study compared individuals with SLE recruited from renal and rheumatology clinics with hospital controls.

Gitelman syndrome and ectopic calcification in the retina and joints.

Gitelman syndrome is a rare inherited renal tubular disorder with features that resemble thiazide use, including a hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria and a low or normal blood pressure, hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronism. Treatment is primarily correction of the potassium and magnesium levels. The diagnosis is confirmed with genetic testing but Gitelman syndrome is often not suspected.

Increased retinal venular calibre in acute infections.

Population-based studies have demonstrated that increased retinal venular calibre is a risk factor for cardiac disease, cardiac events and stroke. Venular dilatation also occurs with diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia and autoimmune disease where it is attributed to inflammation. This study examined whether the inflammation associated with infections also affected microvascular calibre.

The relationship between F-FDG-PETCT-derived tumour metabolic activity, nutritional risk, body composition, systemic inflammation and survival in patients with lung cancer.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between PET-CT derived tumour glucose uptake as measured by maximum standard glucose uptake (SUVmax) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), nutritional risk as measured by the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST), CT derived body composition as measured by skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD), the systemic inflammatory response as measured by the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and survival in patients with lung cancer, treated with radiotherapy. In a retrospective cohort study, 119 patients were included in final analyses. The majority of patients were over 65 (86%), female (52%), had a performance status (ECOG-PS) of 0 or 1 (57%), were at nutritional risk (57%), were overweight (53%), had visceral obesity (62%), had a normal SMI (51%), had a low SMD (62%) and were systemically inflammed (mGPS 1/2, 51%).

Corneal endothelial cell abnormalities in X-linked Alport syndrome.

: X-linked Alport syndrome results from the effect of  mutations on basement membranes in the kidney, ear and eye. This study investigated individuals with X-linked Alport syndrome for corneal abnormalities.: Six men and four women from 8 families with genetically-diagnosed X-linked Alport syndrome underwent ophthalmological examination including slit lamp examination and corneal endothelial specular microscopy.

Increased microvascular disease in X-linked and autosomal recessive Alport syndrome: a case control cross sectional observational study.

Background: Retinal microvascular disease reflects, in part, poor blood pressure control and systemic microvascular disease contributes to renal failure progression. This study examined the retinal microvasculature in Alport syndrome.

Materials And Methods: Retinal images from 28 males and 28 females with X-linked Alport syndrome, and 13 individuals with autosomal recessive disease were reviewed retrospectively for microvascular/ hypertensive retinopathy (Wong and Mitchell classification), and small vessel calibre (using a computerised semiautomated method and revised Knudtson formula).

Microvascular narrowing and BP monitoring: A single centre observational study.

Introduction: Half of all hypertensive individuals have inadequately-controlled BP because monitoring methods are ineffective. This single centre study examined consecutive subjects undergoing 24 hour BP measurements for clinic and ambulatory BP levels, and for end-organ damage (retinal microvascular abnormalities and left ventricular hypertrophy, LVH, > 1.1 cm).

Small vessel disease and intracoronary plaque composition: a single centre cross-sectional observational study.

Cardiac events are commonly triggered by rupture of intracoronary plaque. Many studies have suggested that retinal small vessel abnormalities predict cardiac events. The present study examined retinal microvascular abnormalities associated with intracoronary plaque.