Development of an interactive ultra-high resolution magnetic resonance neurography atlas of the brachial plexus and upper extremity peripheral nerves.

Purpose: To develop an educational, interactive, ultra-high resolution, in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) neurography atlas for direct visualization of the brachial plexus and upper extremity.

Methods: A total of 16 adult volunteers without known peripheral neuropathy underwent magnetic resonance (MR) neurography of the brachial plexus and upper extremity. To improve vascular suppression, subjects received an intravenous infusion of ferumoxytol.

Pneumatosis Intestinalis and Concurrent Focal Diaphragmatic Pneumatosis Cystoides Presenting With Pneumoperitoneum in a 20 Year-Old Male: A Case Report.

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis can present with concurrent diaphragmatic cysts, a previously undocumented phenomenon. Surgical management may be required, but further investigation is needed to understand the pathogenesis and optimize management in atypical and chronic cases, such as this case with a history of corrected intestinal malrotation.

Redox Balance and Inflammatory Response in Follicular Fluids of Women Recovered by SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Anti-COVID-19 Vaccinated: A Combined Metabolomics and Biochemical Study.

To date, not many studies have presented evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infecting the female reproductive system. Furthermore, so far, no effect of the administration of anti-COVID 19 vaccines has been reported to affect the quality of oocytes retrieved from women who resorted to assisted reproduction technology (ART). The FF metabolic profiles of women who had been infected by SARS-CoV-2 before IVF treatments or after COVID-19 vaccination were examined by H NMR.

The Pediatric Ankle: Normal Variations and Maturation-Dependent Pathology.

The pediatric ankle can present a broad range of normal variation and pathology unique to certain stages of development. Understanding the expected age ranges of ossification and fusion about the ankle is essential to provide accurate diagnoses regarding skeletal integrity. This conclusion has been well characterized radiographically and is supported by cadaveric research.

Systemic treatment with cigarette smoke extract affects zebrafish visual behaviour, intraocular vasculature morphology and outer segment phagocytosis.

Introduction: Cigarette smoking adversely affects multiple aspects of human health including eye disorders such as age-related macular degeneration, cataracts and dry eye disease. However, there remains a knowledge gap in how constituents of cigarette smoke affect vision and retinal biology. We used zebrafish to assess effects of short-term acute exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on visual behaviour and retinal biology.

Optimized 3D brachial plexus MR neurography using deep learning reconstruction.

Objective: To evaluate whether 'fast,' unilateral, brachial plexus, 3D magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) acquisitions with deep learning reconstruction (DLR) provide similar image quality to longer, 'standard' scans without DLR.

Materials And Methods: An IRB-approved prospective cohort of 30 subjects (13F; mean age = 50.3 ± 17.

Hourglass-like constrictions on MRI are common in electromyography-confirmed cases of neuralgic amyotrophy (Parsonage-Turner syndrome): A tertiary referral center experience.

Introduction/aims: Hourglass-like constrictions (HGCs) of involved nerves in neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) (Parsonage-Turner syndrome) have been increasingly recognized with magnetic resonance neurography (MRN). This study sought to determine the sensitivity of HGCs, detected by MRN, among electromyography (EMG)-confirmed NA cases.

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed records of patients with the clinical diagnosis of NA, and with EMG confirmation, who underwent 3-Tesla MRN within 90 days of EMG at a single tertiary referral center between 2011 and 2021.

Imaging of the Hip Prior to Replacement: What the Surgeon Wants to Know.

Total hip arthroplasty is an effective treatment for severe degenerative arthritis and is increasingly being used. Radiography is the primary modality for the initial diagnosis of osteoarthritis and preoperative planning. Additional radiographic views may include the spine and lower extremities in order to optimize implant positioning for the individual patient.

Neuroprotective Nanoparticles Targeting the Retina: A Polymeric Platform for Ocular Drug Delivery Applications.

Neuroprotective drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye represents a major challenge to counteract vision loss. This work focuses on the development of a polymer-based nanocarrier, specifically designed for targeting the posterior eye. Polyacrylamide nanoparticles (ANPs) were synthesised and characterised, and their high binding efficiency was exploited to gain both ocular targeting and neuroprotective capabilities, through conjugation with peanut agglutinin (ANP:PNA) and neurotrophin nerve growth factor (ANP:PNA:NGF).

A Pilot Study on Biochemical Profile of Follicular Fluid in Breast Cancer Patients.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer among women in almost all countries worldwide and is one of the oncological pathologies for which is indicated fertility preservation, a type of procedure used to help keep a person's ability to have children. Follicular fluid (FF) is a major component of oocyte microenvironment, which is involved in oocyte growth, follicular maturation, and in communication between germ and somatic cells; furthermore, it accumulates all metabolites during oocytes growth. To obtain information about changes on fertility due to cancer, we aimed at investigating potential biomarkers to discriminate between FF samples obtained from 16 BC patients and 10 healthy women undergoing in vitro fertilization treatments.

Early perioperative magnetic resonance findings in patients with foot drop following total hip Arthroplasty: A descriptive case-series.

Purpose: This study aims to characterize iatrogenic sciatic nerve injury patterns in the early, perioperative period following posterior-approach total hip arthroplasty (THA) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: This was an IRB-approved retrospective analysis of patients acquired from a longitudinal, single site radiology database of patients who underwent MRI for "foot drop" within 4 weeks following posterior-approach THA surgery, over a 20-year period.

Results: MRI exams from 51 patients (mean age 62 years; 32 females) who met inclusion criteria were evaluated.

A Novel Hands-on Approach Towards Teaching Diagnostic Radiology Residents MRI Scanning and Physics.

Rationale And Objectives: Traditional approaches towards teaching magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning and physics have limitations that a hands-on course may help overcome. A dedicated week of MRI instruction may help improve radiology resident confidence and competence. Additional benefits may include improved physician-technologist communication and accelerated mastery of MRI safety.

Basolateral amygdala activation enhances object recognition memory by inhibiting anterior insular cortex activity.

Noradrenergic activation of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) by emotional arousal enhances different forms of recognition memory via functional interactions with the insular cortex (IC). Human neuroimaging studies have revealed that the anterior IC (aIC), as part of the salience network, is dynamically regulated during arousing situations. Emotional stimulation first rapidly increases aIC activity but suppresses it in a delayed fashion.

Spotty Bone Marrow: A Frequent MRI Finding in the Feet of Ballet Dancers.

Bone marrow signal abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are common in athletes. However, few studies evaluate the MRI appearance of bone marrow in the feet of ballet dancers. Our study aims to describe the "spotty bone marrow" (SBM) pattern in the tarsal bones of a cohort of ballet dancers, establishing its prevalence, distribution, potential associations, and evolution.

Are the Follicular Fluid Characteristics of Recovered Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Different From Those of Vaccinated Women Approaching Fertilization?

The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate if SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection induce observable metabolic effects in follicular fluid of women who are following fertilization (IVF) treatments. The possible impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on fertility and IVF outcome is considered. We have selected for this study: six women vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 infection, five recovered COVID-19 patients, and we used nine healthy women as the control group.

Disease and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With a Clinical Diagnosis of Myelofibrosis Enrolled in the MOST Study.

Background: Clinical characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with lower-risk myelofibrosis (MF) are not well described. This analysis from the MOST (NCT02953704) assessed the demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with the clinical diagnosis of lower-risk MF at enrollment.

Patients And Methods: MOST is an ongoing, prospective, observational study in patients with clinical diagnoses of MF or essential thrombocythemia enrolled at clinical practices throughout the United States.

Safety and Efficacy of Ruxolitinib in Patients with Myelofibrosis and Low Platelet Counts (50 - 100 × 10/L): Final Analysis of an Open-Label Phase 2 Study.

Introduction: Treatment options in patients with myelofibrosis (MF) presenting with thrombocytopenia are limited. Final results of the phase 2 study (NCT01348490) of ruxolitinib in patients with MF and low baseline platelet counts (50 - 100 × 10/L) are reported.

Patients And Methods: Patients received ruxolitinib 5 mg twice daily (BID), with optional up-titration to a maximum of 15 mg BID, provided platelet count remained ≥40 × 10/L.

Pediatric chest wall masses: spectrum of benign findings on ultrasound.

A palpable finding along the chest wall is a frequent indication for pediatric US. Accurate identification of benign lesions can reassure families and appropriately triage children who need follow-up, cross-sectional imaging, or biopsy. In this pictorial essay, we review chest wall anatomy, illustrate US techniques and discuss key US imaging features of common benign lesions and normal variants.

Real-World Dosing Patterns of Ruxolitinib in Patients With Polycythemia Vera Who Are Resistant to or Intolerant of Hydroxyurea.

Introduction: Approximately one-quarter of patients with polycythemia vera become resistant to and/or intolerant of hydroxyurea. This analysis characterizes reasons patients were switched from hydroxyurea to ruxolitinib and describes ruxolitinib dosing patterns and outcomes in real-world clinical practice.

Patients And Methods: This medical chart review of United States community hematology/oncology practices in the Cardinal Health Oncology Provider Extended Network included patients with polycythemia vera who were ≥18 years old, received hydroxyurea for ≥3 months, started ruxolitinib between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016, and had ≥2 visits during the subsequent 6 months.